Purpose <p>Food insecurity is a significant global issue impacting public health and human rights, affecting millions worldwide. Older population in India are vulnerable to food insecurity due to age-related changes in socioeconomic status and insecurity. This study explores gender differences in the association between food insecurity and depression among older adults in India aged 50 and above.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the first wave of the WHO’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the influence of gender on the relationship between food insecurity and depression. Additionally, the study explored how gender, marital status, and food insecurity interact in relation to depression.</p> Results <p>The study found an overall depression prevalence of 19% in the population. Among men, the prevalence was 22.6% and 21.2% while among women, it was 26.4% and 38.9% among individuals reporting moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between food insecurity and depression in women, with older women experiencing moderate (OR = 1.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and severe food insecurity (OR = 2.23, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) being more likely to be diagnosed with depression. Additionally, older widowed adults facing severe food insecurity had an increased likelihood of depression (OR = 2.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the association is statistically significant among women (OR = 1.79, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.010).</p> Conclusion <p>The study highlights pronounced gender disparities in the relationship between food insecurity and depression. Therefore, it is crucial for public policy initiatives to prioritize the needs of women.</p>