Background <p>Schizophrenia may be exacerbated by ambient air pollution. In this study, we aim to explore the association of air pollution with hospital admission for schizophrenia in Liuzhou, China.</p> Methods <p>The daily concentration of air pollutants was gathered from an average of seven fixed monitoring sites in Liuzhou, while the daily admission data for schizophrenia was received from The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital. A Poisson generalized linear regression model in conjunction with a distributed lag nonlinear model was utilized to quantify the exposure-lag-response connection between ambient air pollution and schizophrenia hospitalization. The stratification analysis was then carried out by age, gender, and season.</p> Results <p>PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ was significantly associated with elevated number of schizophrenia hospitalization. We observed the largest single-day effects of PM_2.5 at lag 17&#xa0;day, PM₁₀ at lag 17&#xa0;day, and SO₂ at lag 28&#xa0;day, with the corresponding RRs being 1.01611 (95% CI:1.00652–1.02579), 1.01648 (95% CI:1.00603–1.02704), and 1.02001 (95% CI: 1.00001-1.04041), respectively. Stratification analysis revealed that patients who were &lt; 45 years old and female were more vulnerable to hospitalization due to exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The effects of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were more noticeable during the cooler seasons than during the warmer one.</p> Conclusions <p>This study reveals that being exposed to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ may increase the chance of schizophrenia hospitalization.</p>