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<p>The Awanda gold deposit (11.6 t Au at average grade of 1.3&#xa0;g/t) in Xinjiang, NW China, is one of the most important gold discoveries in the Chinese Tianshan over the past 20&#xa0;years. Gold-bearing lodes of the deposit are confined within the 25-km-long Kalaguole E–W-striking shear zone. Despite its significant control on gold mineralization at Awanda, the structural context and localization of gold-bearing lodes in the shear zone remain poorly understood. In order to elucidate these issues, we herein present systematic structural mapping and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis from the Awanda ore-hosting shear zone. Available data indicate two stages of deformation, including pre-mineral D<sub>1</sub>-stage north-over-south thrusting kinematics that are characterized by pervasive E–W-striking and N-dipping reverse faults, monoclinal beddings and foliations, and syn-mineral D<sub>2</sub>-stage locally right-lateral strike-slip deformation that formed the ore-hosting shear zone parallel to the preexisting E–W-striking faults. Deformational mechanism within the shear zone varies from high-temperature (500–650 ℃) grain boundary migration recrystallization in the north to moderate-temperature (400–500 ℃) dislocation creep in the middle, and to low-temperature (300–400 ℃) dislocation glide and climb in the south. The orientation and localization of the Awanda gold-bearing lodes are predominantly subjected to creep dislocation-related moderate-temperature plastic deformation. The right-lateral strike-slip ductile shearing establishes multi-scale pivotal controls on gold mineralization, through extracting ore metals, facilitating fluid flow, and localizing gold-bearing lodes.</p>

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Structural controls of gold-bearing lodes at the Awanda orogenic gold deposit, Tianshan, NW China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Weice Zhao,
  • Xiaobo Zhao,
  • Chunji Xue,
  • Zohreh Rahnama,
  • Xiang Wu,
  • Rongzhen Gao,
  • Ronghao Man

摘要

The Awanda gold deposit (11.6 t Au at average grade of 1.3 g/t) in Xinjiang, NW China, is one of the most important gold discoveries in the Chinese Tianshan over the past 20 years. Gold-bearing lodes of the deposit are confined within the 25-km-long Kalaguole E–W-striking shear zone. Despite its significant control on gold mineralization at Awanda, the structural context and localization of gold-bearing lodes in the shear zone remain poorly understood. In order to elucidate these issues, we herein present systematic structural mapping and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis from the Awanda ore-hosting shear zone. Available data indicate two stages of deformation, including pre-mineral D1-stage north-over-south thrusting kinematics that are characterized by pervasive E–W-striking and N-dipping reverse faults, monoclinal beddings and foliations, and syn-mineral D2-stage locally right-lateral strike-slip deformation that formed the ore-hosting shear zone parallel to the preexisting E–W-striking faults. Deformational mechanism within the shear zone varies from high-temperature (500–650 ℃) grain boundary migration recrystallization in the north to moderate-temperature (400–500 ℃) dislocation creep in the middle, and to low-temperature (300–400 ℃) dislocation glide and climb in the south. The orientation and localization of the Awanda gold-bearing lodes are predominantly subjected to creep dislocation-related moderate-temperature plastic deformation. The right-lateral strike-slip ductile shearing establishes multi-scale pivotal controls on gold mineralization, through extracting ore metals, facilitating fluid flow, and localizing gold-bearing lodes.