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<p>The Jinding deposit in the Lanping Basin, southwestern China, is a world-class Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb deposit hosted within a salt diapir dome and contains significant Tl resources (~ 8167 t). Integrated field, mineralogical, and mineral chemical studies reveal a rare type of Tl mineralization hosted by diagenetic iron sulfides in the deposit. Five types of pyrite (Py) and marcasite (Mar) of spheroid Py0 nuclei, epitaxial zonal PyA, plumose MarA, granular PyB and MarB are identified with variable Tl concentration significantly higher than that in MVT sphalerite (Sp) of disseminated SpA, colloform SpB, and crystalline SpC. The trace element signatures, combined with highly negative and variable δ<sup>34</sup>S values (–34.00‰ to + 1.41‰ (VCDT)) indicate a low-temperature, shallow, diagenetic origin of these iron sulfides. Mass balance effect accompanied with great increase in volume abundance from early- to late-stage iron sulfides controls the decreasing trend of Tl concentration across paragenetic sequences. Tl incorporation into iron sulfides is controlled by As-dependent solid-state solubility under high-As fluid conditions, whereas an upper concentration limit of ~ 1000 ppm governs Tl incorporation under low-As fluid conditions. Fluid pH likely plays an important role in controlling the differential Tl enrichment in closely associated PyB and MarB, as well as in different host rocks. The spatial and temporal disparity between Tl-rich iron sulfides and Zn-Pb sulfides, as well as Tl deficiency in MVT sphalerite indicate that Tl precipitated early in a distinct mineralization event preceding MVT Zn-Pb mineralization.</p>

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Extensive thallium mineralization resulting from diagenetic iron sulfide adsorption preceding MVT Zn-Pb mineralization at Jinding, Southwestern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Hongyu Duan,
  • Qingfei Wang,
  • Jun Deng,
  • Jiaxuan Zhu,
  • Weihong Ma

摘要

The Jinding deposit in the Lanping Basin, southwestern China, is a world-class Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb deposit hosted within a salt diapir dome and contains significant Tl resources (~ 8167 t). Integrated field, mineralogical, and mineral chemical studies reveal a rare type of Tl mineralization hosted by diagenetic iron sulfides in the deposit. Five types of pyrite (Py) and marcasite (Mar) of spheroid Py0 nuclei, epitaxial zonal PyA, plumose MarA, granular PyB and MarB are identified with variable Tl concentration significantly higher than that in MVT sphalerite (Sp) of disseminated SpA, colloform SpB, and crystalline SpC. The trace element signatures, combined with highly negative and variable δ34S values (–34.00‰ to + 1.41‰ (VCDT)) indicate a low-temperature, shallow, diagenetic origin of these iron sulfides. Mass balance effect accompanied with great increase in volume abundance from early- to late-stage iron sulfides controls the decreasing trend of Tl concentration across paragenetic sequences. Tl incorporation into iron sulfides is controlled by As-dependent solid-state solubility under high-As fluid conditions, whereas an upper concentration limit of ~ 1000 ppm governs Tl incorporation under low-As fluid conditions. Fluid pH likely plays an important role in controlling the differential Tl enrichment in closely associated PyB and MarB, as well as in different host rocks. The spatial and temporal disparity between Tl-rich iron sulfides and Zn-Pb sulfides, as well as Tl deficiency in MVT sphalerite indicate that Tl precipitated early in a distinct mineralization event preceding MVT Zn-Pb mineralization.