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<p>The world-class Dachang district comprises economically significant volumes of polymetallic mineralization, including Sn, Zn, Pb, Sb, and Cu, along with 8775 t reserves of the critical metal indium (In). The substantial In reserves have been noted, but detailed knowledge of In mineralogy, deposit-scale distribution, and why this metal is relatively enriched in the Dachang district compared to others remains limited. In particular, it is unclear why individual deposits display major differences in terms of In content, and what controls this variation. Based on their different mineral assemblages, two mineralization styles in the district are recognized, Sn–Zn ore and Cu–Zn ore, each with distinct In content. Although sphalerite is the primary In host in both, contents (0.81–3579 ppm) vary significantly in different ore types. Sphalerite from Sn–Zn mineralization contains higher In contents (with the geometric mean of 671 ppm and ± 1 geometric standard deviation (1σ) of [364, 1235] ppm) than sphalerite from the Cu–Zn mineralization (with the geometric mean of 59 [13, 275] ppm). The In and Cu contents in sphalerite from Sn–Zn mineralization do not display any positive linear correlation with either formation temperature or <i>f</i>S<sub>2</sub>. This may have resulted either from the rapid precipitation of high-grade ore without equilibration between fluid and mineral, or from the solubility limit of In in fluid already having been attained, thus hindering any temperature control. In contrast, there is a subtle/weak positive relationship between In and Cu contents with both temperature and <i>f</i>S<sub>2</sub> in Cu–Zn mineralization, suggesting that the capacity to host In in the sphalerite structure could have been influenced by fluid parameters. Based on local deposit geology, published geochronological data, and new trace element data for sphalerite and associated minerals, this study suggests a polycentric magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization model within a single district that can explain the In endowment variation in the Dachang district.</p>

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Indium mineralization in the world-class Dachang Sn-polymetallic district, Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Jing Xu,
  • Nigel J. Cook,
  • Cristiana L. Ciobanu,
  • Taiping Zhao,
  • Jiadai Li,
  • Qiaoqiao Zhu,
  • Wen Jiang

摘要

The world-class Dachang district comprises economically significant volumes of polymetallic mineralization, including Sn, Zn, Pb, Sb, and Cu, along with 8775 t reserves of the critical metal indium (In). The substantial In reserves have been noted, but detailed knowledge of In mineralogy, deposit-scale distribution, and why this metal is relatively enriched in the Dachang district compared to others remains limited. In particular, it is unclear why individual deposits display major differences in terms of In content, and what controls this variation. Based on their different mineral assemblages, two mineralization styles in the district are recognized, Sn–Zn ore and Cu–Zn ore, each with distinct In content. Although sphalerite is the primary In host in both, contents (0.81–3579 ppm) vary significantly in different ore types. Sphalerite from Sn–Zn mineralization contains higher In contents (with the geometric mean of 671 ppm and ± 1 geometric standard deviation (1σ) of [364, 1235] ppm) than sphalerite from the Cu–Zn mineralization (with the geometric mean of 59 [13, 275] ppm). The In and Cu contents in sphalerite from Sn–Zn mineralization do not display any positive linear correlation with either formation temperature or fS2. This may have resulted either from the rapid precipitation of high-grade ore without equilibration between fluid and mineral, or from the solubility limit of In in fluid already having been attained, thus hindering any temperature control. In contrast, there is a subtle/weak positive relationship between In and Cu contents with both temperature and fS2 in Cu–Zn mineralization, suggesting that the capacity to host In in the sphalerite structure could have been influenced by fluid parameters. Based on local deposit geology, published geochronological data, and new trace element data for sphalerite and associated minerals, this study suggests a polycentric magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization model within a single district that can explain the In endowment variation in the Dachang district.