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<p>The Triangle deposit (Val-d'Or, Canada) is a classic example of an orogenic gold system in a simple lithological and structural setting. Gold mineralisation is hosted in quartz-tourmaline-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite veins within shear zones cutting two main lithologies: mafic to intermediate volcaniclastic (Triangle Tuff) and dioritic intrusive rocks (Triangle Plug). This study provides a high-resolution geochemical dataset from vein tourmaline and chlorite over 800&#xa0;m down-dip in two shear zones, allowing systematic tracking of mineral chemistry along fluid pathways. Petrographic analysis, major and trace elements, and multivariate statistics reveal that the chemical composition of tourmaline and chlorite is significantly influenced by the host rock lithology, but also partially records hydrothermal fluid evolution during ascent along the shear zones. Tourmaline shows abrupt chemical changes at lithological contacts, indicating rapid fluid-rock interactions, partly masking fluid evolution. Chlorite is less affected by host rock composition but shows similar variations with depth, suggesting partial control by fluid evolution. This study identifies correlations between elevation and specific elements in tourmaline (Mg#, Zn, Sr, V) and chlorite (Li, Zn, Mg#), and between Zn and high gold grades (&gt; 10&#xa0;g/t). Although confirming strong lithological control on mineral chemistry, this study shows that specific trace elements (notably Zn) better reflect fluid evolution. These findings underscore the importance of carefully filtering lithological controls when interpreting fluid evolution from mineral chemistry in orogenic gold deposits, as fluid-rock interaction also plays a significant role. Integrating mineralogical and geochemical data is crucial to accurately characterise these complex hydrothermal systems.</p>

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Geochemical variability of tourmaline and chlorite in the Triangle deposit, Quebec, Canada. Implications for hydrothermal fluid evolution in orogenic gold systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Giovanni E. Pedemonte Castro,
  • Bertrand Rottier,
  • Georges Beaudoin

摘要

The Triangle deposit (Val-d'Or, Canada) is a classic example of an orogenic gold system in a simple lithological and structural setting. Gold mineralisation is hosted in quartz-tourmaline-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite veins within shear zones cutting two main lithologies: mafic to intermediate volcaniclastic (Triangle Tuff) and dioritic intrusive rocks (Triangle Plug). This study provides a high-resolution geochemical dataset from vein tourmaline and chlorite over 800 m down-dip in two shear zones, allowing systematic tracking of mineral chemistry along fluid pathways. Petrographic analysis, major and trace elements, and multivariate statistics reveal that the chemical composition of tourmaline and chlorite is significantly influenced by the host rock lithology, but also partially records hydrothermal fluid evolution during ascent along the shear zones. Tourmaline shows abrupt chemical changes at lithological contacts, indicating rapid fluid-rock interactions, partly masking fluid evolution. Chlorite is less affected by host rock composition but shows similar variations with depth, suggesting partial control by fluid evolution. This study identifies correlations between elevation and specific elements in tourmaline (Mg#, Zn, Sr, V) and chlorite (Li, Zn, Mg#), and between Zn and high gold grades (> 10 g/t). Although confirming strong lithological control on mineral chemistry, this study shows that specific trace elements (notably Zn) better reflect fluid evolution. These findings underscore the importance of carefully filtering lithological controls when interpreting fluid evolution from mineral chemistry in orogenic gold deposits, as fluid-rock interaction also plays a significant role. Integrating mineralogical and geochemical data is crucial to accurately characterise these complex hydrothermal systems.