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Key message <p><i>BS-D275</i>, a new locus on chromosome arm 2DS, is genetically independent of <i>WFZP-2D</i> and controls branched spike architecture in common wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>).</p> Abstract <p>Branched spikes enhance wheat yield potential by increasing grain number. We identified the locus <i>BS-D275</i> for spike branching in the winter wheat line Dong 275 and mapped it to chromosome arm 2DS using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of Dong 275 (branched spikes) × Zhongmai 175 (standard spikes). Across multiple field trials, spike branching and awn length segregated as polygenic, unlinked traits. Bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) of leaf and inflorescence samples, integrated with molecular markers, delimited <i>BS-D275</i> to a 1.52-cM interval spanning 829 kb (84.03–84.86&#xa0;Mb) in the Chinese Spring telomere-to-telomere reference genome. Diagnostic markers and sequence comparison positioned <i>BS-D275</i> 11&#xa0;Mb distal to the spike-branching locus <i>WFZP-2D</i> (73.09&#xa0;Mb), confirming their independence. The interval contains 10 inflorescence-specific candidate genes. <i>CSIAAS2DG0371200</i>/<i>TraesCS2D02G133500</i>, encoding a GTPase-activating protein, carries a Dong 275-specific 4-bp frameshift and is highly expressed in spikes, making it the most likely candidate for <i>BS-D275</i>. Parallel BSR-Seq of awned versus tip-awned bulks mapped the awn suppressor to the <i>B1</i> locus (<i>CSIAAS5AG1310200</i>/<i>TraesCS5A02G542800</i>) on chromosome arm 5AL, demonstrating that awn development and spike branching are under separate genetic control. <i>WFZP-2D</i> represses awn development while <i>BS-D275</i> does not, which provides evidence that <i>BS-D275</i> is most likely a novel regulator of spike branching. Diagnostic markers for <i>BS-D275</i> will accelerate marker-assisted selection for high-yielding, branched-spike wheat.</p>

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BS-D275: A novel locus on the chromosome arm 2DS governing branched spike development in wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Yunfeng Qu,
  • Yongkang Ren,
  • Jinghuang Hu,
  • Yi Liu,
  • Dan Qiu,
  • Yahui Li,
  • Qiuhong Wu,
  • Miao He,
  • Qing Guo,
  • Yu Sun,
  • Wenze Yan,
  • Zhaohui Tang,
  • Zhiyong Liu,
  • Yanming Zhang,
  • Lei Cui,
  • Hongjie Li

摘要

Key message

BS-D275, a new locus on chromosome arm 2DS, is genetically independent of WFZP-2D and controls branched spike architecture in common wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Abstract

Branched spikes enhance wheat yield potential by increasing grain number. We identified the locus BS-D275 for spike branching in the winter wheat line Dong 275 and mapped it to chromosome arm 2DS using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of Dong 275 (branched spikes) × Zhongmai 175 (standard spikes). Across multiple field trials, spike branching and awn length segregated as polygenic, unlinked traits. Bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) of leaf and inflorescence samples, integrated with molecular markers, delimited BS-D275 to a 1.52-cM interval spanning 829 kb (84.03–84.86 Mb) in the Chinese Spring telomere-to-telomere reference genome. Diagnostic markers and sequence comparison positioned BS-D275 11 Mb distal to the spike-branching locus WFZP-2D (73.09 Mb), confirming their independence. The interval contains 10 inflorescence-specific candidate genes. CSIAAS2DG0371200/TraesCS2D02G133500, encoding a GTPase-activating protein, carries a Dong 275-specific 4-bp frameshift and is highly expressed in spikes, making it the most likely candidate for BS-D275. Parallel BSR-Seq of awned versus tip-awned bulks mapped the awn suppressor to the B1 locus (CSIAAS5AG1310200/TraesCS5A02G542800) on chromosome arm 5AL, demonstrating that awn development and spike branching are under separate genetic control. WFZP-2D represses awn development while BS-D275 does not, which provides evidence that BS-D275 is most likely a novel regulator of spike branching. Diagnostic markers for BS-D275 will accelerate marker-assisted selection for high-yielding, branched-spike wheat.