<p>Penile cancer is a rare but relevant tumor entity. Due to the low case numbers in individual hospitals deviations from treatment standards and delayed treatment repeatedly occur. This is all the more serious as only an early and consistent treatment management can ensure a curative approach. For this reason, in several European countries penile cancer is only treated in a few special centers. This article provides a current overview of the epidemiology and etiology as well as diagnostic recommendations and treatment options for this malignant neoplasm. The early diagnosis is decisive for the subsequent approach. A consistent primary management with an organ-preserving complete resection of the primary tumor and all lymph nodes infested by the tumor whenever possible is a basic prerequisite for a curative treatment of penile cancer. In a metastatic situation a multimodal treatment concept is often necessary. A good psycho-oncological accompaniment of the patient and a consistent follow-up care also appear to be crucial.</p>