Background <p>Due to its anxiolytic and stimulating effects gammahydroxybutyrate (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, GHB) has gained popularity among drug users. The rate of dangerous intoxications and withdrawal syndromes is very high.</p> Objective <p>This study was conducted to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic background of GHB users and their motives of consumption. Furthermore, we intended to collect data about the clinical course of withdrawal treatment, its risks, and complications.</p> Methods <p>A&#xa0;group of 34&#xa0;patients who had been consecutively admitted to our hospital for withdrawal treatment was asked for informed consent. The participants fullfilled a&#xa0;semiquantative questionnaire giving information about their socioeconomic background and their history of addictive disease. We also collected clinical data about the course and complications of the withdrawal treatment in our clinic. All patients received treatment as usual.</p> Results <p>Most of the participants were male, well educated, and rather young (mean age&#xa0;34). Very few had children of their own or lived in a&#xa0;partnership. None of them had a&#xa0;history of criminal activities. There were prior contacts with other drugs, especially amphetamines. During detoxification, the rate of withdrawal delirium was very high (40%).</p> Conclusion <p>In order to improve our treatment and prevention of GHB addictive disease, we need to learn more about the patient groups who are at risk of becoming addicted to GHB. It is further crucial to develop clinical treatment standards to reduce the high rates of delirium and premature treatment interruption.</p>