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<p>Dengue fever, a viral disease caused by the dengue virus, is transmitted via the bite of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquito. Dengue is an endemic disease in more than a hundred countries. It is a global public health concern with 390 million infections occurring every year. An estimated 500,000 of these cases develop into severe dengue, resulting in approximately 25,000 deaths annually. The failure of chemical insecticides to combat and control mosquitoes, due to widespread resistance, creates an urgent need to search for effective natural alternatives. <i>Chrozophora oblongifolia</i> is an herbal and medicinal plant that has many pharmacological activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of methanolic and acetone leaf extracts of <i>C. oblongifolia</i> plant against 3rd instar larvae and adults of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> mosquito using five concentrations ranging from 125–1000 mg/L. Mortality rates for the larval, pupal, and adult stages resulting from the larval treatment were recorded. Methanolic and acetone extracts exhibited lethal toxic effects on larvae, pupae, and adults. Both extracts showed complete larval mortality by 100% at the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L. The methanolic extract showed greater efficacy with LC<sub>50</sub> of 339.87 mg/L compared to the acetone extract, which had LC<sub>50</sub> of 372 mg/L. Due to the increasing number of multi-drug-resistant microbial strains, there is a need to find natural products to overcome this problem. In addition to its larvicidal properties, <i>C. oblongifolia</i> was assessed for antimicrobial activity. The methanol leaf extract displayed antimicrobial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5000 µg/mL for <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, while for <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> was 10000 µg/mL. Our Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of the methanolic extract revealed more than twenty phytochemical constituents, including nine major compounds. The major identified compounds exhibited potential larvicidal and antimicrobial activities. Based on this current study, it is suggested that <i>C. oblongifolia</i> plant could be used as a safe natural insecticide for controlling and combating the dengue vector <i>Ae. aegypti</i> mosquito and as an effective natural antimicrobial agent.</p>

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Development of an eco-friendly larvicidal agent from Chrozophora oblongifolia against the dengue disease vector: antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Hanan K. Alghibiwi,
  • Abadi M. Mashlawi,
  • Naifa Alenazi,
  • Hussam M. Shubaily,
  • Amani Alhejely,
  • Amal Naif Alshammari,
  • Lama A. Alshabani,
  • Salama A. Salama

摘要

Dengue fever, a viral disease caused by the dengue virus, is transmitted via the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue is an endemic disease in more than a hundred countries. It is a global public health concern with 390 million infections occurring every year. An estimated 500,000 of these cases develop into severe dengue, resulting in approximately 25,000 deaths annually. The failure of chemical insecticides to combat and control mosquitoes, due to widespread resistance, creates an urgent need to search for effective natural alternatives. Chrozophora oblongifolia is an herbal and medicinal plant that has many pharmacological activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of methanolic and acetone leaf extracts of C. oblongifolia plant against 3rd instar larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti mosquito using five concentrations ranging from 125–1000 mg/L. Mortality rates for the larval, pupal, and adult stages resulting from the larval treatment were recorded. Methanolic and acetone extracts exhibited lethal toxic effects on larvae, pupae, and adults. Both extracts showed complete larval mortality by 100% at the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L. The methanolic extract showed greater efficacy with LC50 of 339.87 mg/L compared to the acetone extract, which had LC50 of 372 mg/L. Due to the increasing number of multi-drug-resistant microbial strains, there is a need to find natural products to overcome this problem. In addition to its larvicidal properties, C. oblongifolia was assessed for antimicrobial activity. The methanol leaf extract displayed antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5000 µg/mL for S. aureus and E. coli, while for C. albicans was 10000 µg/mL. Our Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of the methanolic extract revealed more than twenty phytochemical constituents, including nine major compounds. The major identified compounds exhibited potential larvicidal and antimicrobial activities. Based on this current study, it is suggested that C. oblongifolia plant could be used as a safe natural insecticide for controlling and combating the dengue vector Ae. aegypti mosquito and as an effective natural antimicrobial agent.