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<p>Iodine is a&#xa0;micronutrient essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A sufficient iodine intake is particularly important during pregnancy and in the first years of life, especially for neurocognitive development. Recent findings suggest that even a&#xa0;mild to moderate iodine deficiency can lead to reduced cognitive abilities in children. Adequate iodine intake is therefore essential for pregnant and breastfeeding women and during childhood and adolescence. Iodine deficiency, particularly during pregnancy and in the first years of life, is a&#xa0;public health problem in many countries. The low iodine content of the soil in the countries of the European Region leads to a&#xa0;constant risk of iodine deficiency in the diet. The classification of iodine deficiency and iodine insufficiency is based on the median iodine concentration in the urine of a&#xa0;population. As the natural iodine content of food is not sufficient to ensure adequate iodine intake, the supply of iodine to the population in Germany is not always sufficient. For Germany, the available data show that the iodine supply is critically low and iodine supply has shown a&#xa0;downward trend over the last 10–15&#xa0;years. This also applies to children and adolescents.</p><p>Worldwide, the iodine intake has significantly improved in recent decades, particularly as a&#xa0;result of universal salt iodization. In countries without well-established iodine fortification programs, adequate iodine intake depends on individual food choices; however, in view of the trend towards changing eating habits (such as decreasing consumption of iodized salt, trend towards vegetarian or vegan diets) and the low level of knowledge among the population about the importance of iodine, iodine intake is often critically low in affluent countries without universal iodine fortification. This means that there is a&#xa0;risk of an insufficient supply, not only for groups such as pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers but also for infants, children and adolescents.</p><p>Health organizations, political decision-makers, the food industry, doctors and nutritionists must create good conditions for sufficient iodine intake, especially for pregnant and breastfeeding women and for infants, children and adolescents. This could include measures such as increasing the use of (sufficiently) iodized salt in the household and in the food industry, targeted education of the population on the importance of iodine and, in cases of particular risk (very low intake of iodine-containing foods, vegan diet), individual advice and, if necessary, supplementation with iodine under medical supervision. Further awareness campaigns and a&#xa0;sustained commitment from healthcare systems are required to increase the use of iodized products by families. In addition, doctors and nutritionists are needed to provide appropriate advice to people at increased risk of iodine deficiency.</p>

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Jod: immer noch ein kritischer Nährstoff bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Hermann Kalhoff,
  • Regina Ensenauer,
  • Kai Hensel,
  • Frank Jochum,
  • Hermann Kalhoff,
  • Thomas Kauth,
  • Berthold Koletzko,
  • Thomas Lücke,
  • Carsten Posovszky,
  • Silvia Rudloff,
  • Susann Weihrauch-Blüher,
  • Susanna Wiegand

摘要

Iodine is a micronutrient essential for the production of thyroid hormones. A sufficient iodine intake is particularly important during pregnancy and in the first years of life, especially for neurocognitive development. Recent findings suggest that even a mild to moderate iodine deficiency can lead to reduced cognitive abilities in children. Adequate iodine intake is therefore essential for pregnant and breastfeeding women and during childhood and adolescence. Iodine deficiency, particularly during pregnancy and in the first years of life, is a public health problem in many countries. The low iodine content of the soil in the countries of the European Region leads to a constant risk of iodine deficiency in the diet. The classification of iodine deficiency and iodine insufficiency is based on the median iodine concentration in the urine of a population. As the natural iodine content of food is not sufficient to ensure adequate iodine intake, the supply of iodine to the population in Germany is not always sufficient. For Germany, the available data show that the iodine supply is critically low and iodine supply has shown a downward trend over the last 10–15 years. This also applies to children and adolescents.

Worldwide, the iodine intake has significantly improved in recent decades, particularly as a result of universal salt iodization. In countries without well-established iodine fortification programs, adequate iodine intake depends on individual food choices; however, in view of the trend towards changing eating habits (such as decreasing consumption of iodized salt, trend towards vegetarian or vegan diets) and the low level of knowledge among the population about the importance of iodine, iodine intake is often critically low in affluent countries without universal iodine fortification. This means that there is a risk of an insufficient supply, not only for groups such as pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers but also for infants, children and adolescents.

Health organizations, political decision-makers, the food industry, doctors and nutritionists must create good conditions for sufficient iodine intake, especially for pregnant and breastfeeding women and for infants, children and adolescents. This could include measures such as increasing the use of (sufficiently) iodized salt in the household and in the food industry, targeted education of the population on the importance of iodine and, in cases of particular risk (very low intake of iodine-containing foods, vegan diet), individual advice and, if necessary, supplementation with iodine under medical supervision. Further awareness campaigns and a sustained commitment from healthcare systems are required to increase the use of iodized products by families. In addition, doctors and nutritionists are needed to provide appropriate advice to people at increased risk of iodine deficiency.