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Abstract <p>Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in the context of obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state, associated with worse cancer progression and prognosis. Interleukin (IL)-36γ is a proinflammatory factor increased in obesity. The aim was to analyse the role of IL-36γ in colon cancer (CC) development in patients with obesity. Samples obtained from 74 volunteers (27 with normal weight (NW) and 47 with obesity (OB)) were used in a case–control study. Participants were also subclassified according to the presence of CC (45 without and 29 with CC). HT-29 cells were treated with pro-inflammatory factors, adipocyte conditioned media (ACM) and IL-36γ to evaluate the expression levels of inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling-related molecules. Increased gene expression levels of <i>IL36G</i> and <i>IL36R</i> in visceral AT from patients with OB and CC were found. Moreover, mRNA levels of <i>IL36G</i> were significantly associated with the gene expression levels of its receptor and relevant genes involved in AT inflammation (<i>ASC</i>, <i>IL1B</i> and <i>NLRP6</i>). Consistently, <i>IL36G</i> expression was upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation-related factors (LPS, TNF-α and leptin) and by the adipocyte secretome from patients with obesity in HT-29 cancer cells. Furthermore, we revealed that IL-36γ increased the gene expression levels of inflammation-related genes (<i>IL36G</i>, <i>IL1 A</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>IL8</i> and <i>NGAL</i>) as well as ECM markers (<i>MMP9</i>, <i>SPP1</i> and <i>TNC</i>) in HT-29 cells. Increased gene expression levels of <i>IL36G</i> in VAT from patients with OB and CC may promote a pro-inflammatory microenvironment favourable for tumour progression and migration.</p> Key messages <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Obesity and colon cancer increase gene expression levels of <i>IL36G</i> and <i>IL36R</i> in visceral adipose tissue.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Hypoxia, inflammation-related factors and the adipocyte secretome from patients with obesity upregulate mRNA levels of <i>IL36G</i> in HT-29 cancer cells.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>IL-36γ increase the gene expression levels of inflammation-related genes (<i>IL36G</i>, <i>IL1A</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>IL8</i> and <i>NGAL</i>) as well as ECM markers (<i>MMP9</i>, <i>SPP1</i> and <i>TNC</i>) in HT-29 cells.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>

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Increased IL- 36γ in visceral adipose tissue as a key mediator of obesity-driven inflammation in colon cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月23日

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  • Gema Frühbeck,
  • Sofía Criado,
  • Javier Gómez-Ambrosi,
  • Beatriz Ramírez,
  • Sara Becerril,
  • Amaia Rodríguez,
  • Gabriela Neira,
  • Laura Salmón-Gómez,
  • Víctor Valentí,
  • Rafael Moncada,
  • Jorge Baixauli,
  • Camilo Silva,
  • Victoria Catalán

摘要

Abstract

Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in the context of obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state, associated with worse cancer progression and prognosis. Interleukin (IL)-36γ is a proinflammatory factor increased in obesity. The aim was to analyse the role of IL-36γ in colon cancer (CC) development in patients with obesity. Samples obtained from 74 volunteers (27 with normal weight (NW) and 47 with obesity (OB)) were used in a case–control study. Participants were also subclassified according to the presence of CC (45 without and 29 with CC). HT-29 cells were treated with pro-inflammatory factors, adipocyte conditioned media (ACM) and IL-36γ to evaluate the expression levels of inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling-related molecules. Increased gene expression levels of IL36G and IL36R in visceral AT from patients with OB and CC were found. Moreover, mRNA levels of IL36G were significantly associated with the gene expression levels of its receptor and relevant genes involved in AT inflammation (ASC, IL1B and NLRP6). Consistently, IL36G expression was upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation-related factors (LPS, TNF-α and leptin) and by the adipocyte secretome from patients with obesity in HT-29 cancer cells. Furthermore, we revealed that IL-36γ increased the gene expression levels of inflammation-related genes (IL36G, IL1 A, IL1B, IL6, IL8 and NGAL) as well as ECM markers (MMP9, SPP1 and TNC) in HT-29 cells. Increased gene expression levels of IL36G in VAT from patients with OB and CC may promote a pro-inflammatory microenvironment favourable for tumour progression and migration.

Key messages

Obesity and colon cancer increase gene expression levels of IL36G and IL36R in visceral adipose tissue.

Hypoxia, inflammation-related factors and the adipocyte secretome from patients with obesity upregulate mRNA levels of IL36G in HT-29 cancer cells.

IL-36γ increase the gene expression levels of inflammation-related genes (IL36G, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8 and NGAL) as well as ECM markers (MMP9, SPP1 and TNC) in HT-29 cells.