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<p>Considering the increasing fire safety requirements for wood-based materials and the limited knowledge on the bonding of impregnated particles with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), this study evaluated the performance of particleboards produced from fire retardant-treated wood particles bonded with different pMDI contents (2 and 4%). Wood particles were impregnated with four commercial fire retardants. No significant differences in weight% gain were observed between fire retardant types, indicating comparable uptake under the applied conditions. Although impregnated particles exhibited reduced thermal stability at lower temperatures, fire retardants markedly enhanced thermal performance at medium and high temperatures. Impregnation increased particle bulk density, which resulted in a lower mat compression ratio, while the average board density remained close to the target value and was not significantly influenced by treatment or gluing degree. Impregnation negatively affected flexural strength and internal bond, both under dry conditions and after boiling, with the extent depending on the fire retardant type. Increasing the gluing degree improved mechanical performance and partially compensated for the adverse effects of impregnation. Water absorption decreased in impregnated boards, while thickness swelling increased only in variants with the lowest internal bond. Fire resistance assessed by mass loss measurements was substantially improved, particularly in boards treated with Fire Stop and Deimos. The Fire Stop variant bonded with 4% pMDI showed the most favorable balance between physico-mechanical performance and fire protection.</p>

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Effect of commercial fire retardants on the performance of particleboards bonded with pMDI

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Jakub Kawalerczyk,
  • Maciej Hoffmann,
  • Dorota Dukarska,
  • Andrea Majlingová,
  • Mateusz Barczewski,
  • Radosław Mirski

摘要

Considering the increasing fire safety requirements for wood-based materials and the limited knowledge on the bonding of impregnated particles with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), this study evaluated the performance of particleboards produced from fire retardant-treated wood particles bonded with different pMDI contents (2 and 4%). Wood particles were impregnated with four commercial fire retardants. No significant differences in weight% gain were observed between fire retardant types, indicating comparable uptake under the applied conditions. Although impregnated particles exhibited reduced thermal stability at lower temperatures, fire retardants markedly enhanced thermal performance at medium and high temperatures. Impregnation increased particle bulk density, which resulted in a lower mat compression ratio, while the average board density remained close to the target value and was not significantly influenced by treatment or gluing degree. Impregnation negatively affected flexural strength and internal bond, both under dry conditions and after boiling, with the extent depending on the fire retardant type. Increasing the gluing degree improved mechanical performance and partially compensated for the adverse effects of impregnation. Water absorption decreased in impregnated boards, while thickness swelling increased only in variants with the lowest internal bond. Fire resistance assessed by mass loss measurements was substantially improved, particularly in boards treated with Fire Stop and Deimos. The Fire Stop variant bonded with 4% pMDI showed the most favorable balance between physico-mechanical performance and fire protection.