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<p>This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the load-bearing mechanism and mechanical performance of traditional Dou-Gong timber brackets under eccentric compression. Two typical construction types, i.e., <i>Jixinzao</i> brackets (with continuous transverse arms) and <i>Touxinzao</i> brackets (with omitted transverse arms), were selected, and comparative analyses were carried out under different eccentricity ratios (<i>e</i> = 0, 0.15, 0.30). The results show that in <i>Jixinzao</i> brackets, the continuous transverse arms form a distributed load-transfer network, concentrating damage in core components including the Lu-Dou, Nidao-Gong, and Hua-Gong. In contrast, <i>Touxinzao</i> brackets exhibit multi-node shear failure and torsional instability due to detoured load paths. Eccentric loading significantly reduces the bearing capacity of both Dou-Gong brackets and accelerates stiffness degradation. Both types of brackets display good ductility under axial compression (ductility coefficient &gt; 2.4), with small decline under eccentric loading. Component level analysis further reveals that continuous transverse arms play a critical role in suppressing sliding, which enhances overall stability. Numerical models developed using ABAQUS showed good agreement with the experimental results and can be used for mechanical evaluation and parametric analysis under eccentric effects. Overall, this research provides a valuable basis and engineering reference for the modern utilisation, structural assessment, and design of traditional Dou-Gong systems.</p>

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Experimental and numerical study on the structural performance of Dou-Gong brackets under eccentric loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Ruyuan Yang,
  • Haitao Li,
  • Mahmud Ashraf,
  • Jiacheng Tian

摘要

This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the load-bearing mechanism and mechanical performance of traditional Dou-Gong timber brackets under eccentric compression. Two typical construction types, i.e., Jixinzao brackets (with continuous transverse arms) and Touxinzao brackets (with omitted transverse arms), were selected, and comparative analyses were carried out under different eccentricity ratios (e = 0, 0.15, 0.30). The results show that in Jixinzao brackets, the continuous transverse arms form a distributed load-transfer network, concentrating damage in core components including the Lu-Dou, Nidao-Gong, and Hua-Gong. In contrast, Touxinzao brackets exhibit multi-node shear failure and torsional instability due to detoured load paths. Eccentric loading significantly reduces the bearing capacity of both Dou-Gong brackets and accelerates stiffness degradation. Both types of brackets display good ductility under axial compression (ductility coefficient > 2.4), with small decline under eccentric loading. Component level analysis further reveals that continuous transverse arms play a critical role in suppressing sliding, which enhances overall stability. Numerical models developed using ABAQUS showed good agreement with the experimental results and can be used for mechanical evaluation and parametric analysis under eccentric effects. Overall, this research provides a valuable basis and engineering reference for the modern utilisation, structural assessment, and design of traditional Dou-Gong systems.