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Background <p>Hearing loss in midlife is considered one of the most important modifiable risk factors for dementia; however, standard cognitive tests often fail to adequately detect cognitive deficits in individuals with hearing loss.</p> Objective <p>The aim of the study was to present and evaluate the digital cognitive diagnostics (DiCoDi®), a&#xa0;digital cognitive test designed for individuals with and without hearing loss.</p> Material and methods <p>The DiCoDi® comprises 9 subtests, is independent of hearing, can be self-administered and takes 20–30 min to complete. A&#xa0;total of 373 individuals were assessed: 204 control participants (mean age: 67.48±12.2 years, women: 58.0 %) and 173 individuals with hearing loss (mean age: 72.86±8.7 years, women: 46.8 %). Based on a&#xa0;combined cognitive index 2 groups were formed: 314 individuals without cognitive impairment (age: 69.38±12.2 years, women: 54.1 %) and 58&#xa0;individuals with cognitive impairment (age: 72.93±12.2 years, women: 46.6 %). In addition, a&#xa0;comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was employed.</p> Results <p>In most DiCoDi® subtests there were no significant differences between control participants and individuals with hearing loss. Participants with hearing loss performed significantly better than controls in the subtests “Trail Making&#xa0;A” (<sub>p</sub>η<sup>2</sup> = 0.24) and “Time Estimation” (<sub>p</sub>η<sup>2</sup> = 0.05). Individuals with cognitive impairment performed significantly worse in most DiCoDi® subtests (0.13 ≤ <sub>p</sub>η<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.28). The DiCoDi® demonstrated high validity, high reliability and good classification accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.80).</p> Conclusion <p>The results show that the DiCoDi® can be a&#xa0;valid and reliable tool for the early detection of cognitive deficits in people with and without hearing loss.</p>

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DiCoDi® (Digital Cognitive Diagnostics)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • I. Ballasch,
  • M. Meka,
  • E. Kalbe,
  • J.-P. Schmid,
  • C. Vorstius,
  • A. Koj,
  • J. Kessler

摘要

Background

Hearing loss in midlife is considered one of the most important modifiable risk factors for dementia; however, standard cognitive tests often fail to adequately detect cognitive deficits in individuals with hearing loss.

Objective

The aim of the study was to present and evaluate the digital cognitive diagnostics (DiCoDi®), a digital cognitive test designed for individuals with and without hearing loss.

Material and methods

The DiCoDi® comprises 9 subtests, is independent of hearing, can be self-administered and takes 20–30 min to complete. A total of 373 individuals were assessed: 204 control participants (mean age: 67.48±12.2 years, women: 58.0 %) and 173 individuals with hearing loss (mean age: 72.86±8.7 years, women: 46.8 %). Based on a combined cognitive index 2 groups were formed: 314 individuals without cognitive impairment (age: 69.38±12.2 years, women: 54.1 %) and 58 individuals with cognitive impairment (age: 72.93±12.2 years, women: 46.6 %). In addition, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was employed.

Results

In most DiCoDi® subtests there were no significant differences between control participants and individuals with hearing loss. Participants with hearing loss performed significantly better than controls in the subtests “Trail Making A” (pη2 = 0.24) and “Time Estimation” (pη2 = 0.05). Individuals with cognitive impairment performed significantly worse in most DiCoDi® subtests (0.13 ≤ pη2 ≤ 0.28). The DiCoDi® demonstrated high validity, high reliability and good classification accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.80).

Conclusion

The results show that the DiCoDi® can be a valid and reliable tool for the early detection of cognitive deficits in people with and without hearing loss.