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<p>Surgical treatment of rectal cancer involves a&#xa0;balancing act between radical oncological treatment, perioperative safety, and long-term preservation of function. The establishment of total mesorectal excision (TME) and modern multimodal treatment concepts involving neoadjuvant radio/chemotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) have reduced local recurrence rates to below 5%. A&#xa0;prerequisite for an individualized treatment strategy is standardized preoperative staging. The choice of surgical procedure depends on the tumor height and stage, and includes local transanal resections, partial mesorectal excisions, and TME. With adequate expertise, minimally invasive and robotic procedures demonstrate oncological equivalence with potential advantages. Anastomotic leaks remain the most serious postoperative complication and require structured prevention, diagnosis, and treatment concepts. Functional limitations are common and require specialized postoperative care.</p>

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Operative Therapie des Rektumkarzinoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Julius Pochhammer

摘要

Surgical treatment of rectal cancer involves a balancing act between radical oncological treatment, perioperative safety, and long-term preservation of function. The establishment of total mesorectal excision (TME) and modern multimodal treatment concepts involving neoadjuvant radio/chemotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) have reduced local recurrence rates to below 5%. A prerequisite for an individualized treatment strategy is standardized preoperative staging. The choice of surgical procedure depends on the tumor height and stage, and includes local transanal resections, partial mesorectal excisions, and TME. With adequate expertise, minimally invasive and robotic procedures demonstrate oncological equivalence with potential advantages. Anastomotic leaks remain the most serious postoperative complication and require structured prevention, diagnosis, and treatment concepts. Functional limitations are common and require specialized postoperative care.