<p>Alpine areas show extremely high environmental and edaphic variability, sustaining a unique and endemic biodiversity. Although patterns of α-diversity in alpine vegetation have been well-explored, yet studies on β-diversity and their underlying drivers remain least-explored. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigates the relative roles of environmental and edaphic drivers in shaping β-diversity of the Himalayan alpine vegetation. Using a plot-based stratified sampling, we laid <i>c</i>. 1000 quadrats across 151 unique sites in the Kashmir Himalaya to conduct vegetation and soil sampling. We quantified taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity, including their turnover and nestedness components. We also examined soil physicochemical parameters, along with multiple environmental drivers, including elevation and geographical distance, and used multivariate analyses to assess their relative influence on the β-diversity patterns. Across the sites, we found both taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity were exceptionally high and mainly driven by turnover component, indicating that β-diversity is primarily driven by species replacement rather than loss. Taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity were strongly correlated, showing an increase with increasing elevational width. Environmental drivers such as isothermality and precipitation seasonality were most influential in taxonomic β-diversity, whereas phylogenetic β-diversity was most strongly influenced by edaphic drivers. Taxonomic β-diversity increased with geographical distance, environmental distance, and elevational width, whereas phylogenetic β-diversity showed a strong correlation with elevational width. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that both taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversities in the studied Himalayan alpine vegetation are modulated by multiple environmental and edaphic drivers with dominant influence of elevation gradients.</p>