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<p><i>Caragana roborovskyi</i> is prevalent in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China, demonstrating a strong adaptation to extreme habitats. However, the population genetic differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to diverse environments remain unclear. This study integrated multi-scale environmental sampling, population genetics analysis, and ecological niche modeling to investigate the genetic structure and adaptive mechanisms of <i>Caragana roborovskyi</i>. The results revealed high genetic diversity within populations and frequent gene flow among them. Gradient forest and redundancy analyses indicated that genetic variation was closely associated with environmental factors such as BIO3, BIO1, BIO10,and UV-B radiation, underscoring the role of environmental filtering in driving genetic differentiation. MaxEnt modeling suggested that the Hexi Corridor-Qilian Mountains region may have served as a glacial refuge for this species. Overall, the study elucidated the genetic responses of <i>Caragana roborovskyi</i> to Quaternary climate changes and recent environmental gradients. It confirmed that populations can evolve environmental adaptability by maintaining high genetic diversity, despite gene flow. These findings provide new insights into the adaptation mechanisms of desert plants and support the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources from <i>Caragana</i> species.</p>

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Genetic diversity and environmental adaptation mechanisms of Caragana roborovskyi Kom. In arid Northwestern china: multi-scale evidence from population genomics and niche modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Ning Yao,
  • Fei Ma,
  • Wangli Liang,
  • Jianzhong Gao,
  • Lingxia Wang,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Wenyu Liang,
  • Tingting Xu

摘要

Caragana roborovskyi is prevalent in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China, demonstrating a strong adaptation to extreme habitats. However, the population genetic differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to diverse environments remain unclear. This study integrated multi-scale environmental sampling, population genetics analysis, and ecological niche modeling to investigate the genetic structure and adaptive mechanisms of Caragana roborovskyi. The results revealed high genetic diversity within populations and frequent gene flow among them. Gradient forest and redundancy analyses indicated that genetic variation was closely associated with environmental factors such as BIO3, BIO1, BIO10,and UV-B radiation, underscoring the role of environmental filtering in driving genetic differentiation. MaxEnt modeling suggested that the Hexi Corridor-Qilian Mountains region may have served as a glacial refuge for this species. Overall, the study elucidated the genetic responses of Caragana roborovskyi to Quaternary climate changes and recent environmental gradients. It confirmed that populations can evolve environmental adaptability by maintaining high genetic diversity, despite gene flow. These findings provide new insights into the adaptation mechanisms of desert plants and support the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources from Caragana species.