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<p>Based on a fixed passive topology, an NGD circuit with low insertion loss and tri-mode operation is proposed. Without changing the component categories, interconnection relationships, or complete component set, band-pass, high-pass, and low-pass NGD responses are realized solely by adjusting passive parameters. A transfer-function model is established to derive the mode-switching criteria for the three NGD responses. Distinct NGD characteristics are obtained near 3.1&#xa0;MHz, 270&#xa0;kHz, and 1.9&#xa0;MHz for the band-pass, high-pass, and low-pass modes, respectively. The measured peak negative group delays are − 71.4&#xa0;ns, − 29.5&#xa0;ns, and − 14.7&#xa0;ns, with corresponding insertion losses of 3.38&#xa0;dB, 3.26&#xa0;dB, and 4.95&#xa0;dB, respectively, indicating that the three modes maintain relatively low insertion loss while providing clear NGD responses. The theoretical, simulated, and measured results consistently verify the response types and characteristic-frequency trends of the three modes. This work provides a compact low-insertion-loss parametric design framework for tri-mode NGD realization under a fixed passive topology.</p>

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Design of a Low-Insertion-Loss Tri-Mode Negative Group Delay Circuit Under a Fixed Passive Topology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Wenyu Liu,
  • Yuwei Meng,
  • Aixia Yuan,
  • Junzheng Liu,
  • Xinman Ren,
  • Hao Zhang

摘要

Based on a fixed passive topology, an NGD circuit with low insertion loss and tri-mode operation is proposed. Without changing the component categories, interconnection relationships, or complete component set, band-pass, high-pass, and low-pass NGD responses are realized solely by adjusting passive parameters. A transfer-function model is established to derive the mode-switching criteria for the three NGD responses. Distinct NGD characteristics are obtained near 3.1 MHz, 270 kHz, and 1.9 MHz for the band-pass, high-pass, and low-pass modes, respectively. The measured peak negative group delays are − 71.4 ns, − 29.5 ns, and − 14.7 ns, with corresponding insertion losses of 3.38 dB, 3.26 dB, and 4.95 dB, respectively, indicating that the three modes maintain relatively low insertion loss while providing clear NGD responses. The theoretical, simulated, and measured results consistently verify the response types and characteristic-frequency trends of the three modes. This work provides a compact low-insertion-loss parametric design framework for tri-mode NGD realization under a fixed passive topology.