<p>This paper discusses the Neumann–Neumann–Neumann–Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem with complicated nonlinear diffusion term, precisely, an extended May-Nowak-fluid system described by <Equation ID="Equ98"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} r_{t}+u\cdot \nabla r=\nabla \cdot (D(r)\nabla r)-\chi \nabla \cdot (r\nabla s)-r-rz+\varphi ,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ s_{t}+u\cdot \nabla s=\Delta s-s+rz,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u\cdot \nabla z=\Delta z-z+s,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_{t}+\nabla P=\Delta u+r\nabla \phi ,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ \nabla \cdot u=0,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad (*) \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a smoothly bounded domain, and where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D(r)\ge k_{D}r^{m-1}(k_{D}&gt;0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>D</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Provided <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;\frac{14}{9}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then for any nonnegative initial data <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((r_{0},s_{0},u_{0})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, it is confirmed in the current work that at least one global weak solution to the corresponding problem (*) exists, and remains uniformly bounded. To the best of our knowledge, none of the results available so far seems applicable to such three-dimensional fluid-coupling system, which means that indeed, our reasoning represents a first step toward answering the question of how cross-diffusion, nonlinear diffusion and fluid mechanism interact, therefore supplementing the research in this direction.</p>

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Global bounded weak solution in three dimensional chemotaxis-fluid coupled May-Nowak system with nonlinear diffusion and virus propagation

  • Jiashan Zheng,
  • Yuying Wang

摘要

This paper discusses the Neumann–Neumann–Neumann–Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem with complicated nonlinear diffusion term, precisely, an extended May-Nowak-fluid system described by \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} r_{t}+u\cdot \nabla r=\nabla \cdot (D(r)\nabla r)-\chi \nabla \cdot (r\nabla s)-r-rz+\varphi ,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ s_{t}+u\cdot \nabla s=\Delta s-s+rz,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u\cdot \nabla z=\Delta z-z+s,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_{t}+\nabla P=\Delta u+r\nabla \phi ,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ \nabla \cdot u=0,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad (*) \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) r t + u · r = · ( D ( r ) r ) - χ · ( r s ) - r - r z + φ , x Ω , t > 0 , s t + u · s = Δ s - s + r z , x Ω , t > 0 , u · z = Δ z - z + s , x Ω , t > 0 , u t + P = Δ u + r ϕ , x Ω , t > 0 , · u = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , ( ) where \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{3}\) Ω R 3 is a smoothly bounded domain, and where \(D(r)\ge k_{D}r^{m-1}(k_{D}>0)\) D ( r ) k D r m - 1 ( k D > 0 ) . Provided \(m>\frac{14}{9}\) m > 14 9 , then for any nonnegative initial data \((r_{0},s_{0},u_{0})\) ( r 0 , s 0 , u 0 ) , it is confirmed in the current work that at least one global weak solution to the corresponding problem (*) exists, and remains uniformly bounded. To the best of our knowledge, none of the results available so far seems applicable to such three-dimensional fluid-coupling system, which means that indeed, our reasoning represents a first step toward answering the question of how cross-diffusion, nonlinear diffusion and fluid mechanism interact, therefore supplementing the research in this direction.