<p>In this paper, we consider the chemotaxis-fluid model with singular sensitivity and indirect signal production <Equation ID="Equ151"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\chi \nabla \cdot (\frac{n}{c}\nabla c)+rn-\mu n^{2},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ c_{t}+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+v,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ v_{t}+u\cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+n,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_{t}+k(u\cdot \nabla )u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \phi , ~~\nabla \cdot u=0, &amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>which is considered under non-flux boundary conditions for <i>n</i>,<i>c</i> and <i>v</i>, along with the non-slip boundary condition for <i>u</i> within a bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N}(N = 2,3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> possessing a smooth boundary. Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in W^{1,\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\in \{0,1\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are given constants. Through the application of heat semigroup theory combined with coupled nonlinear estimation techniques, we rigorously establish the existence of a global classical bounded solution for the system with <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k=1,N=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k=0,N=3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, contingent upon the chemotaxis sensitivity parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fulfilling the criterion that <Equation ID="Equ152"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} 0&lt;\chi &lt;2(r+1)+\sqrt{3r^{2}+8r+4}, r&gt;0. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>,</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>In the special case where <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, Xing et al. (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 72:105, 2021) established the existence of unique global solutions for the mentioned system in two dimensions. The present work extends these results by proving the global existence and boundedness of classical solutions to the system with the special case of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces.</p>

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Global classical solutions to a chemotaxis-fluid system with singular sensitivity and indirect signal production

  • Yafeng Li,
  • Qiao Xin,
  • Wenjie Zhang

摘要

In this paper, we consider the chemotaxis-fluid model with singular sensitivity and indirect signal production \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\chi \nabla \cdot (\frac{n}{c}\nabla c)+rn-\mu n^{2},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ c_{t}+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+v,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ v_{t}+u\cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+n,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_{t}+k(u\cdot \nabla )u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \phi , ~~\nabla \cdot u=0, & \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) n t + u · n = Δ n - χ · ( n c c ) + r n - μ n 2 , x Ω , t > 0 , c t + u · c = Δ c - c + v , x Ω , t > 0 , v t + u · v = Δ v - v + n , x Ω , t > 0 , u t + k ( u · ) u = Δ u + P + n ϕ , · u = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , which is considered under non-flux boundary conditions for n,c and v, along with the non-slip boundary condition for u within a bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N}(N = 2,3)\) Ω R N ( N = 2 , 3 ) possessing a smooth boundary. Here, \(\phi \in W^{1,\infty }\) ϕ W 1 , , \(k\in \{0,1\}\) k { 0 , 1 } and \(\chi \) χ , \(\mu \) μ , \(r>0\) r > 0 are given constants. Through the application of heat semigroup theory combined with coupled nonlinear estimation techniques, we rigorously establish the existence of a global classical bounded solution for the system with \(k=1,N=2\) k = 1 , N = 2 and \(k=0,N=3\) k = 0 , N = 3 , contingent upon the chemotaxis sensitivity parameter \(\chi \) χ fulfilling the criterion that \(\begin{aligned} 0<\chi <2(r+1)+\sqrt{3r^{2}+8r+4}, r>0. \end{aligned}\) 0 < χ < 2 ( r + 1 ) + 3 r 2 + 8 r + 4 , r > 0 . In the special case where \(u = 0\) u = 0 , Xing et al. (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 72:105, 2021) established the existence of unique global solutions for the mentioned system in two dimensions. The present work extends these results by proving the global existence and boundedness of classical solutions to the system with the special case of \(u = 0\) u = 0 in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces.