<p>We study the following chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with nonlinear production: <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_t+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n\chi (n)\nabla c)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_t+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n^\beta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_t+(u\cdot \nabla )u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \Phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nabla \cdot u=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in a bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \in C^2([0,\infty ))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In our previous work [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 75 (2024) 74], it was shown that if there exists a certain <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <Equation ID="Equ69"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&amp;\chi (s)(s+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=O((s+1)^{-k})~\text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty \quad &amp; \text{ for }~0&lt;\beta &lt;\frac{1}{2}, \\&amp;\chi (s)(s+1)^{\beta -1}=O((s+1)^{-k})~\text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty &amp; \text{ for }~\beta \ge \frac{1}{2}, \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mspace width="1em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>β</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>then for any suitably smooth initial datum, the corresponding initial-boundary value problem possesses a unique globally bounded classical solution. Especially, in the case that <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the restriction on the growth of the sensitivity <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>χ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> stems from the effect of fluid motion governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. In the present paper, we further indicate that when <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the solutions still remain globally bounded even if the cross-diffusion is intensified to satisfy <Equation ID="Equ70"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \chi (s)(s+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=o(1) \quad \text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>o</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>This improvement is obtained by more exhaustively controlling the destabilizing action of fluid-driven transport and so further reflects the underlying impact of fluid flow on global solvability.</p>

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Maintenance of global boundedness for a 2D chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with strengthened cross-diffusion

  • Wei Wang

摘要

We study the following chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with nonlinear production: \(n_t+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n\chi (n)\nabla c)\) n t + u · n = Δ n - · ( n χ ( n ) c ) , \(c_t+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n^\beta \) c t + u · c = Δ c - c + n β , \(u_t+(u\cdot \nabla )u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \Phi \) u t + ( u · ) u = Δ u + P + n Φ , and \(\nabla \cdot u=0\) · u = 0 in a bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\) Ω R 2 , where \(\chi \in C^2([0,\infty ))\) χ C 2 ( [ 0 , ) ) , \(\beta >0\) β > 0 , and \(\Phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\) Φ W 2 , ( Ω ) . In our previous work [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 75 (2024) 74], it was shown that if there exists a certain \(k>0\) k > 0 such that \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&\chi (s)(s+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=O((s+1)^{-k})~\text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty \quad & \text{ for }~0<\beta <\frac{1}{2}, \\&\chi (s)(s+1)^{\beta -1}=O((s+1)^{-k})~\text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty & \text{ for }~\beta \ge \frac{1}{2}, \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\) χ ( s ) ( s + 1 ) - 1 2 = O ( ( s + 1 ) - k ) as s for 0 < β < 1 2 , χ ( s ) ( s + 1 ) β - 1 = O ( ( s + 1 ) - k ) as s for β 1 2 , then for any suitably smooth initial datum, the corresponding initial-boundary value problem possesses a unique globally bounded classical solution. Especially, in the case that \(\beta \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\) β ( 0 , 1 2 ) , the restriction on the growth of the sensitivity \(\chi \) χ stems from the effect of fluid motion governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. In the present paper, we further indicate that when \(\beta \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\) β ( 0 , 1 2 ) , the solutions still remain globally bounded even if the cross-diffusion is intensified to satisfy \(\begin{aligned} \chi (s)(s+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=o(1) \quad \text{ as }~s\rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}\) χ ( s ) ( s + 1 ) - 1 2 = o ( 1 ) as s . This improvement is obtained by more exhaustively controlling the destabilizing action of fluid-driven transport and so further reflects the underlying impact of fluid flow on global solvability.