<p>This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for a class of Kirchhoff type equation <Equation ID="Equ37"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_Equ37.gif" Format="GIF" Height="65" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="547" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\left( a+b\int \limits _{\Omega }|\nabla u(x)|^{2}{dx}\right) \Delta u =\lambda u+|u|^{p-2}u\quad \ \text {for some} \ \lambda \in \mathbb {R},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,\\ u=0, &amp; \quad \text { on }\partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </munder> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">dx</mi> </mrow> </mfenced> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>for some</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with prescribed <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-norm mass <Equation ID="Equ38"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_Equ38.gif" Format="GIF" Height="51" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \int \limits _{\Omega }u^{2}{dx}=c^{2}, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </munder> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">dx</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{14}{3}&lt; p\le 6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a, b\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are positive constants, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>c</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a prescribed value, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a Lagrange multiplier, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded domain and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p=6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the Sobolev critical exponent. First, we prove that this equation has a positive normalized solution, which is a local minimizer. Next, under the assumption that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is star-shaped, we further prove that the equation has a second normalized solution for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2502_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{14}{3}&lt;p&lt; 6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by a new argument, which is different from the method in [<CitationRef CitationID="CR39">39</CitationRef>].</p>

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Normalized solutions for Kirchhoff equations on bounded domains with Sobolev critical or subcritical exponent

  • Penghui Zhang

摘要

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for a class of Kirchhoff type equation \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\left( a+b\int \limits _{\Omega }|\nabla u(x)|^{2}{dx}\right) \Delta u =\lambda u+|u|^{p-2}u\quad \ \text {for some} \ \lambda \in \mathbb {R},& \quad x\in \Omega ,\\ u=0, & \quad \text { on }\partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) - a + b Ω | u ( x ) | 2 dx Δ u = λ u + | u | p - 2 u for some λ R , x Ω , u = 0 , on Ω , with prescribed \(L^{2}\) L 2 -norm mass \(\begin{aligned} \int \limits _{\Omega }u^{2}{dx}=c^{2}, \end{aligned}\) Ω u 2 dx = c 2 , where \(\frac{14}{3}< p\le 6\) 14 3 < p 6 , \(a, b\) a , b are positive constants, \(c\) c is a prescribed value, \(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\) λ R is a Lagrange multiplier, \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\) Ω R 3 is a bounded domain and \(p=6\) p = 6 is the Sobolev critical exponent. First, we prove that this equation has a positive normalized solution, which is a local minimizer. Next, under the assumption that \(\Omega \) Ω is star-shaped, we further prove that the equation has a second normalized solution for \(\frac{14}{3}<p< 6\) 14 3 < p < 6 by a new argument, which is different from the method in [39].