<p>This paper deals with the following system <Equation ID="Equ48"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_Equ48.gif" Format="GIF" Height="95" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="457" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{llll} n_t+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (nS(n)\nabla v),&amp; x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ v_t+u\cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+w, &amp; x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ w_t+u\cdot \nabla w=\Delta w-w+n, &amp; x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_t+(u\cdot \nabla ) u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \phi ,\quad \nabla \cdot u=0, &amp; x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a smoothly bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S\in C^{2}([0,\infty ))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfies <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="158" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|S(n)|\le C_S(1+n)^{-\alpha }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_S&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. When <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the global boundedness (or existence) of classical solutions was observed in Dai–Liu (J Differ Equ 314:201–250, 2022), Gao (Electron Res Arch 31:1710–1736, 2023) and Zheng–Liu (Z Angew Math Phys 75(5):179, 2024). Now, it is shown that for all suitably regular initial data, the associated initial-boundary value problem possesses a global classical solution provided <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2491_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-\frac{1}{2}&lt;\alpha &lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Global existence in a 2D Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system with indirect signal production

  • Minghua Zhang,
  • Lu Xu

摘要

This paper deals with the following system \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{llll} n_t+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (nS(n)\nabla v),& x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ v_t+u\cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+w, & x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ w_t+u\cdot \nabla w=\Delta w-w+n, & x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_t+(u\cdot \nabla ) u=\Delta u+\nabla P+n\nabla \phi ,\quad \nabla \cdot u=0, & x\in \Omega ,t>0\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) n t + u · n = Δ n - · ( n S ( n ) v ) , x Ω , t > 0 , v t + u · v = Δ v - v + w , x Ω , t > 0 , w t + u · w = Δ w - w + n , x Ω , t > 0 , u t + ( u · ) u = Δ u + P + n ϕ , · u = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 in a smoothly bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\) Ω R 2 , where \(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\) ϕ W 2 , ( Ω ) and \(S\in C^{2}([0,\infty ))\) S C 2 ( [ 0 , ) ) satisfies \(|S(n)|\le C_S(1+n)^{-\alpha }\) | S ( n ) | C S ( 1 + n ) - α with \(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\) α R and \(C_S>0\) C S > 0 . When \(\alpha \ge 0\) α 0 , the global boundedness (or existence) of classical solutions was observed in Dai–Liu (J Differ Equ 314:201–250, 2022), Gao (Electron Res Arch 31:1710–1736, 2023) and Zheng–Liu (Z Angew Math Phys 75(5):179, 2024). Now, it is shown that for all suitably regular initial data, the associated initial-boundary value problem possesses a global classical solution provided \(-\frac{1}{2}<\alpha <0\) - 1 2 < α < 0 .