<p>This paper studies a model for oncolytic virotherapy given by a triply haptotactic cross-diffusion system <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>0.1</EquationNumber> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2472_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="146" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="672" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&amp;u_t=D_u \Delta u-\xi _u\nabla \cdot (u\nabla v)+\mu _uu(1-u)-\rho _u uz,&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\&amp;v_t=-(\alpha _u u+\alpha _w w)v+\mu _v v(1-v),&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\&amp;w_t=D_w \Delta w-\xi _w\nabla \cdot (w\nabla v)-\delta _w w+\rho _w uz,&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\&amp;z_t=D_z \Delta z-\xi _z\nabla \cdot (z\nabla v)-\delta _z z-\rho _z uz+\beta w,&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\&amp;(D_u \nabla u-\xi _u u\nabla v)\cdot \nu =(D_w \nabla w-\xi _w w\nabla v)\cdot \nu =(D_z\nabla z-\xi _z z\nabla v)\cdot \nu =0,&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \partial \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\&amp;u(x,0)=u_0(x),\,\,v(x,0)=v_0(x),\,\,w(x,0)=w_0(x),\,\,z(x,0)=z_0(x),&amp;\quad&amp;x\in \Omega , \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>z</mi> </msub> <mi>z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mspace width="1em" /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2472_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with smooth boundary. We prove that there exists a positive constant <i>K</i> such that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2472_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\xi _w\alpha _w\le K\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>K</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the unique solution is globally bounded. This finding represents an improvement over previous work in Li and Wang (J Differ Equ 270:94-113, 2021), Tao and Zhou (J Differ Equ 308:57-76, 2022) and Zheng and Xie (J Differ Equ 340:111-150, 2022), which imposed more restrictive conditions on the system. By contrast, our result relaxes these assumptions and establishes global boundedness under simpler and more general conditions.</p>

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Boundedness of the solution to a triply haptotactic cross-diffusion system modeling oncolytic virotherapy

  • Dayong Qi,
  • Jiashan Zheng

摘要

This paper studies a model for oncolytic virotherapy given by a triply haptotactic cross-diffusion system 0.1 \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&u_t=D_u \Delta u-\xi _u\nabla \cdot (u\nabla v)+\mu _uu(1-u)-\rho _u uz,&\quad&x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\&v_t=-(\alpha _u u+\alpha _w w)v+\mu _v v(1-v),&\quad&x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\&w_t=D_w \Delta w-\xi _w\nabla \cdot (w\nabla v)-\delta _w w+\rho _w uz,&\quad&x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\&z_t=D_z \Delta z-\xi _z\nabla \cdot (z\nabla v)-\delta _z z-\rho _z uz+\beta w,&\quad&x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\&(D_u \nabla u-\xi _u u\nabla v)\cdot \nu =(D_w \nabla w-\xi _w w\nabla v)\cdot \nu =(D_z\nabla z-\xi _z z\nabla v)\cdot \nu =0,&\quad&x\in \partial \Omega ,t>0,\\&u(x,0)=u_0(x),\,\,v(x,0)=v_0(x),\,\,w(x,0)=w_0(x),\,\,z(x,0)=z_0(x),&\quad&x\in \Omega , \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\) u t = D u Δ u - ξ u · ( u v ) + μ u u ( 1 - u ) - ρ u u z , x Ω , t > 0 , v t = - ( α u u + α w w ) v + μ v v ( 1 - v ) , x Ω , t > 0 , w t = D w Δ w - ξ w · ( w v ) - δ w w + ρ w u z , x Ω , t > 0 , z t = D z Δ z - ξ z · ( z v ) - δ z z - ρ z u z + β w , x Ω , t > 0 , ( D u u - ξ u u v ) · ν = ( D w w - ξ w w v ) · ν = ( D z z - ξ z z v ) · ν = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , u ( x , 0 ) = u 0 ( x ) , v ( x , 0 ) = v 0 ( x ) , w ( x , 0 ) = w 0 ( x ) , z ( x , 0 ) = z 0 ( x ) , x Ω , in a bounded domain \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2\) Ω R 2 with smooth boundary. We prove that there exists a positive constant K such that if \(\xi _w\alpha _w\le K\) ξ w α w K , then the unique solution is globally bounded. This finding represents an improvement over previous work in Li and Wang (J Differ Equ 270:94-113, 2021), Tao and Zhou (J Differ Equ 308:57-76, 2022) and Zheng and Xie (J Differ Equ 340:111-150, 2022), which imposed more restrictive conditions on the system. By contrast, our result relaxes these assumptions and establishes global boundedness under simpler and more general conditions.