<p>We obtain the inequalities of the form <Equation ID="Equ48"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_Equ48.gif" Format="GIF" Height="41" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="506" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\Omega }|\nabla u(x)|^2h(u(x))\,d x\le C\int _{\Omega } \left( \sqrt{ |P u(x)||{\mathcal {T}}_{H}(u(x))|}\right) ^{2}h(u(x))\,d x +\Theta ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msqrt> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mi>H</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfenced> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset {\textbf{R}^{n}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded Lipschitz domain, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u\in W^{2,1}_{\textrm{loc}}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msubsup> <mi>W</mi> <mtext>loc</mtext> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is non-negative, <i>P</i> is a uniformly elliptic operator in non-divergent form, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}_{H}(\cdot )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mi>H</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is certain transformation of the monotone <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> function <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H(\cdot )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is the primitive of the weight <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h(\cdot )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Theta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the boundary term which depends on boundary values of <i>u</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1124_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nabla u\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which hold under some additional assumptions. Our results are linked to some results from probability and potential theories, e.g.&#xa0;to some variants of the Douglas formulae.</p>

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Non-linear Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality involving a second-order elliptic operator in non-divergent form

  • Agnieszka Kałamajska,
  • Dalimil Peša,
  • Tomáš Roskovec

摘要

We obtain the inequalities of the form \(\int _{\Omega }|\nabla u(x)|^2h(u(x))\,d x\le C\int _{\Omega } \left( \sqrt{ |P u(x)||{\mathcal {T}}_{H}(u(x))|}\right) ^{2}h(u(x))\,d x +\Theta ,\) Ω | u ( x ) | 2 h ( u ( x ) ) d x C Ω | P u ( x ) | | T H ( u ( x ) ) | 2 h ( u ( x ) ) d x + Θ , where \(\Omega \subset {\textbf{R}^{n}}\) Ω R n is a bounded Lipschitz domain, \(u\in W^{2,1}_{\textrm{loc}}(\Omega )\) u W loc 2 , 1 ( Ω ) is non-negative, P is a uniformly elliptic operator in non-divergent form, \({\mathcal {T}}_{H}(\cdot )\) T H ( · ) is certain transformation of the monotone \(C^1\) C 1 function \(H(\cdot )\) H ( · ) , which is the primitive of the weight \(h(\cdot )\) h ( · ) , and \(\Theta \) Θ is the boundary term which depends on boundary values of u and \(\nabla u\) u , which hold under some additional assumptions. Our results are linked to some results from probability and potential theories, e.g. to some variants of the Douglas formulae.