<p>We investigate the existence of normalized solutions for the following nonlinear fractional Choquard equation: <Equation ID="Equ39"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1097_Article_Equ39.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="524" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u+V(\epsilon x)u=\lambda u+\left( I_\alpha *|u|^q\right) |u|^{q-2} u+\left( I_\alpha *|u|^p\right) |u|^{p-2} u, \ x \in {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>subject to the constraint <Equation ID="Equ40"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1097_Article_Equ40.gif" Format="GIF" Height="41" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="142" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}|u|^2 \textrm{d}x=a&gt;0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1097_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="439" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N&gt;2 s, s \in (0,1), \alpha \in (0, N), \frac{N+\alpha }{N}&lt;q&lt;\frac{N+2 s+\alpha }{N}&lt;p\le \frac{N+\alpha }{N-2 s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1097_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a parameter, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1097_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> serves as an unknown parameter acting as a Lagrange multiplier. By employing the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category theory, we estimate the number of normalized solutions to this problem by virtue of the category of the set of minimum points of the potential function <i>V</i>.</p>

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On the existence of multiple normalized solutions for a class of fractional Choquard equations with mixed nonlinearities

  • Yongpeng Chen,
  • Zhipeng Yang,
  • Jianjun Zhang

摘要

We investigate the existence of normalized solutions for the following nonlinear fractional Choquard equation: \(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u+V(\epsilon x)u=\lambda u+\left( I_\alpha *|u|^q\right) |u|^{q-2} u+\left( I_\alpha *|u|^p\right) |u|^{p-2} u, \ x \in {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u + V ( ϵ x ) u = λ u + I α | u | q | u | q - 2 u + I α | u | p | u | p - 2 u , x R N , subject to the constraint \(\begin{aligned} \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}|u|^2 \textrm{d}x=a>0, \end{aligned}\) R N | u | 2 d x = a > 0 , where \(N>2 s, s \in (0,1), \alpha \in (0, N), \frac{N+\alpha }{N}<q<\frac{N+2 s+\alpha }{N}<p\le \frac{N+\alpha }{N-2 s}\) N > 2 s , s ( 0 , 1 ) , α ( 0 , N ) , N + α N < q < N + 2 s + α N < p N + α N - 2 s , \(\epsilon >0\) ϵ > 0 is a parameter, and \(\lambda \in {\mathbb {R}}\) λ R serves as an unknown parameter acting as a Lagrange multiplier. By employing the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category theory, we estimate the number of normalized solutions to this problem by virtue of the category of the set of minimum points of the potential function V.