<p>Large time behavior of general solutions to a class of quasilinear diffusion equations with a weighted source term <Equation ID="Equ43"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_Equ43.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="320" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \partial _tu=\Delta u^m+\varrho (x)u^p, \quad (x,t)\in \mathbb {R}^N\times (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p&lt;m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and suitable functions <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varrho (x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is established. More precisely, we consider functions <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varrho \in C(\mathbb {R}^N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <Equation ID="Equ44"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_Equ44.gif" Format="GIF" Height="31" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="252" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \lim \limits _{|x|\rightarrow \infty }(1+|x|)^{-\sigma }\varrho (x)=A\in (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">lim</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>σ</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="164" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \in (\max \{-N,-2\},0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="214" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L:=\sigma (m-1)+2(p-1)&lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that, for all these choices of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varrho \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϱ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, solutions with initial conditions <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="233" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\in C(\mathbb {R}^N)\cap L^{\infty }(\mathbb {R}^N)\cap L^r(\mathbb {R}^N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="74" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r\in [1,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are global in time and, if <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is compactly supported, present the asymptotic behavior <Equation ID="Equ45"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_Equ45.gif" Format="GIF" Height="27" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="204" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \lim \limits _{t\rightarrow \infty }t^{-\alpha }\Vert u(t)-V_*(t)\Vert _{\infty }=0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a suitably rescaled version of the unique compactly supported self-similar solution to the equation with the singular weight <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varrho (x)=|x|^{\sigma }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>σ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: <Equation ID="Equ46"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_Equ46.gif" Format="GIF" Height="36" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="408" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} U_*(x,t)=t^{\alpha }f_*(|x|t^{-\beta }), \qquad \alpha =-\frac{\sigma +2}{L}, \quad \beta =-\frac{m-p}{L}. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mi>U</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msup> <mmultiscripts> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>This behavior is an interesting example of <i>asymptotic simplification</i> for the equation with a regular weight <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varrho (x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> towards the singular one as <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1080_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Large time behavior for a quasilinear diffusion equation with weighted source

  • Razvan Gabriel Iagar,
  • Marta Latorre,
  • Ariel Sánchez

摘要

Large time behavior of general solutions to a class of quasilinear diffusion equations with a weighted source term \(\begin{aligned} \partial _tu=\Delta u^m+\varrho (x)u^p, \quad (x,t)\in \mathbb {R}^N\times (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}\) t u = Δ u m + ϱ ( x ) u p , ( x , t ) R N × ( 0 , ) , with \(m>1\) m > 1 , \(1<p<m\) 1 < p < m and suitable functions \(\varrho (x)\) ϱ ( x ) , is established. More precisely, we consider functions \(\varrho \in C(\mathbb {R}^N)\) ϱ C ( R N ) such that \(\begin{aligned} \lim \limits _{|x|\rightarrow \infty }(1+|x|)^{-\sigma }\varrho (x)=A\in (0,\infty ), \end{aligned}\) lim | x | ( 1 + | x | ) - σ ϱ ( x ) = A ( 0 , ) , with \(\sigma \in (\max \{-N,-2\},0)\) σ ( max { - N , - 2 } , 0 ) such that \(L:=\sigma (m-1)+2(p-1)<0\) L : = σ ( m - 1 ) + 2 ( p - 1 ) < 0 . We show that, for all these choices of \(\varrho \) ϱ , solutions with initial conditions \(u_0\in C(\mathbb {R}^N)\cap L^{\infty }(\mathbb {R}^N)\cap L^r(\mathbb {R}^N)\) u 0 C ( R N ) L ( R N ) L r ( R N ) for some \(r\in [1,\infty )\) r [ 1 , ) are global in time and, if \(u_0\) u 0 is compactly supported, present the asymptotic behavior \(\begin{aligned} \lim \limits _{t\rightarrow \infty }t^{-\alpha }\Vert u(t)-V_*(t)\Vert _{\infty }=0, \end{aligned}\) lim t t - α u ( t ) - V ( t ) = 0 , where \(V_*\) V is a suitably rescaled version of the unique compactly supported self-similar solution to the equation with the singular weight \(\varrho (x)=|x|^{\sigma }\) ϱ ( x ) = | x | σ : \(\begin{aligned} U_*(x,t)=t^{\alpha }f_*(|x|t^{-\beta }), \qquad \alpha =-\frac{\sigma +2}{L}, \quad \beta =-\frac{m-p}{L}. \end{aligned}\) U ( x , t ) = t α f ( | x | t - β ) , α = - σ + 2 L , β = - m - p L . This behavior is an interesting example of asymptotic simplification for the equation with a regular weight \(\varrho (x)\) ϱ ( x ) towards the singular one as \(t\rightarrow \infty \) t .