<p>In this article we study a coupled system of differential equations with Allen–Cahn type non-linearity. Motivated by physical phenomena one of the unknowns in the system is accompanied by a singular perturbation parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1038_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon ^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>ε</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. By employing variational techniques, we establish the existence of solutions for all values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1038_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ε</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and get results on their qualitative properties, including regularity. Additionally, we analyse the behaviour of solutions as <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1038_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, demonstrating their pointwise convergence to the solution of the problem for <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1038_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon =0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We establish the uniqueness of this solution modulo translations. Additionally, in the final section, through an appropriate change of scale, we relate this problem and the second Painlevé equation.</p>

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Variational approach for the singular perturbation domain wall system

  • Javier Monreal,
  • Michał Kowalczyk

摘要

In this article we study a coupled system of differential equations with Allen–Cahn type non-linearity. Motivated by physical phenomena one of the unknowns in the system is accompanied by a singular perturbation parameter \(\varepsilon ^2\) ε 2 . By employing variational techniques, we establish the existence of solutions for all values of \(\varepsilon \) ε and get results on their qualitative properties, including regularity. Additionally, we analyse the behaviour of solutions as \(\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\) ε 0 , demonstrating their pointwise convergence to the solution of the problem for \(\varepsilon =0\) ε = 0 . We establish the uniqueness of this solution modulo translations. Additionally, in the final section, through an appropriate change of scale, we relate this problem and the second Painlevé equation.