<p>Algebraic structures involving both multiplications and comultiplications (such as, e.g., bialgebras or Hopf algebras) can be encoded using PROPs (categories with PROducts and Permutations) of Adams and MacLane. To encode such structures on objects of a braided monoidal category, we need PROBs (braided analogs of PROPs). Colored PROBs correspond to multi-sorted structures. In particular, we have a colored PROB <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {B}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">B</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> governing <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Z}_{\ge 0}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-graded bialgebras in braided categories. As a category, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {B}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">B</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> splits into blocks <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {B}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> according to the grading. We relate <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {B}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the category <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {P}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of perverse sheaves on the symmetric product <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\operatorname {Sym}}^n(\mathbb {C})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>Sym</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> smooth with respect to the natural stratification by multiplicities. More precisely, we show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {P}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is equivalent to the category of functors <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {B}_n\rightarrow \operatorname {Vect}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo>Vect</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This gives a natural quiver description of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="29_2025_1016_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {P}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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PROBs and perverse sheaves I: symmetric products

  • Mikhail Kapranov,
  • Vadim Schechtman

摘要

Algebraic structures involving both multiplications and comultiplications (such as, e.g., bialgebras or Hopf algebras) can be encoded using PROPs (categories with PROducts and Permutations) of Adams and MacLane. To encode such structures on objects of a braided monoidal category, we need PROBs (braided analogs of PROPs). Colored PROBs correspond to multi-sorted structures. In particular, we have a colored PROB \(\mathfrak {B}\) B governing \(\mathbb {Z}_{\ge 0}\) Z 0 -graded bialgebras in braided categories. As a category, \(\mathfrak {B}\) B splits into blocks \(\mathfrak {B}_n\) B n according to the grading. We relate \(\mathfrak {B}_n\) B n with the category \(\mathfrak {P}_n\) P n of perverse sheaves on the symmetric product \({\operatorname {Sym}}^n(\mathbb {C})\) Sym n ( C ) smooth with respect to the natural stratification by multiplicities. More precisely, we show that \(\mathfrak {P}_n\) P n is equivalent to the category of functors \(\mathfrak {B}_n\rightarrow \operatorname {Vect}\) B n Vect . This gives a natural quiver description of \(\mathfrak {P}_n\) P n .