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<p>The Andean–Amazon transition constitutes a pronounced environmental gradient that strongly influences the distribution of aquatic biodiversity; however, the compositional patterns of aquatic insects across this landscape remain sparsely characterized. We evaluated the patterns and drivers of the alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, and beta diversity of aquatic Coleoptera in 30 rivers, comprising 10 independent sampling sites per region (Andean, Transition, and Amazonian) in Caquetá, Colombia. We identified 54 genera, with Elmidae being the dominant family. Alpha diversity analysis using Hill numbers (<i>q</i> = 0, 1, 2) indicated that the Amazon region exhibited significantly higher diversity than the Andean and transition zones. Regarding assemblage structure, multivariate analyses (principal coordinate analysis [PCoA] and permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]) and indicator value analysis (IndVal) revealed distinct assemblages defined by 15 diagnostic genera. Beta diversity partitioning demonstrated that dissimilarity along the gradient was predominantly driven by balanced variation in abundance, indicating that spatial patterns resulted from the substitution of individuals rather than differences in total abundance. Finally, constrained ordination (redundancy analysis [RDA] and distance-based redundancy analysis [dbRDA]) identified dissolved oxygen, organic substrates, and riparian cover as the primary environmental filters driving compositional differences and beta diversity patterns. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Andean–Amazon transition functions as a strong environmental filter, maintaining high regional diversity through the rapid turnover of specialized genera adapted to distinct local hydro-geomorphological conditions.</p>

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Aquatic beetles in the Colombian Andean–Amazon region: an analysis of their composition and diversity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Jhonatan Gutiérrez-Garaviz,
  • Odete Rocha,
  • Marlon Peláez Rodríguez,
  • Hernando Ovalle Serrano,
  • Juan David González-Trujillo

摘要

The Andean–Amazon transition constitutes a pronounced environmental gradient that strongly influences the distribution of aquatic biodiversity; however, the compositional patterns of aquatic insects across this landscape remain sparsely characterized. We evaluated the patterns and drivers of the alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, and beta diversity of aquatic Coleoptera in 30 rivers, comprising 10 independent sampling sites per region (Andean, Transition, and Amazonian) in Caquetá, Colombia. We identified 54 genera, with Elmidae being the dominant family. Alpha diversity analysis using Hill numbers (q = 0, 1, 2) indicated that the Amazon region exhibited significantly higher diversity than the Andean and transition zones. Regarding assemblage structure, multivariate analyses (principal coordinate analysis [PCoA] and permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]) and indicator value analysis (IndVal) revealed distinct assemblages defined by 15 diagnostic genera. Beta diversity partitioning demonstrated that dissimilarity along the gradient was predominantly driven by balanced variation in abundance, indicating that spatial patterns resulted from the substitution of individuals rather than differences in total abundance. Finally, constrained ordination (redundancy analysis [RDA] and distance-based redundancy analysis [dbRDA]) identified dissolved oxygen, organic substrates, and riparian cover as the primary environmental filters driving compositional differences and beta diversity patterns. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Andean–Amazon transition functions as a strong environmental filter, maintaining high regional diversity through the rapid turnover of specialized genera adapted to distinct local hydro-geomorphological conditions.