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<p>Understanding how ecological and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity across hierarchical levels is a central goal in ecology, and parasite communities provide a valuable model for investigating assembly rules because they are directly constrained by their hosts. In this study, we investigated how taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and proxy phylogenetic diversity (PPD) of parasite communities vary across two congeneric fish hosts (<i>Hypostomus hermanni</i> and <i>H. regani</i>) collected from two rivers (Batalha River and Ivaí River). We quantified diversity at multiple organizational levels, including α-diversity within host individuals, β1 variation among host individuals within the same host species, β2 variation between host species, and γ-diversity across habitats. Parasite communities were more similar among host individuals sampled within the same river than between rivers. Alpha diversity differed primarily in TD and FD, with <i>H. hermanni</i> from the Batalha River showing the highest values, whereas αPPD showed limited variation among host species. Beta diversity analyses revealed weak departures from random expectations within host species (β1) but strong differentiation between host species (β2) across TD, FD, and PPD. Overall, our findings indicate that host species remains a central driver of parasite diversity, while highlighting that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic facets respond differently to host and habitat-related factors.</p>

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Variation in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of parasites in Hypostomus spp. (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from two Neotropical rivers in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Atsler Luana Lehun,
  • Aparecida de Fátima Cracco,
  • Larissa Sbeghen Pelegrini,
  • Lidiany Doreto Cavalcanti,
  • Lucas Aparecido Rosa Leite,
  • João Otávio Santos Silva,
  • Gabriela Cássia Reinas,
  • Gabriela Michelan,
  • Vanessa Doro Abdallah,
  • Ricardo Massato Takemoto

摘要

Understanding how ecological and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity across hierarchical levels is a central goal in ecology, and parasite communities provide a valuable model for investigating assembly rules because they are directly constrained by their hosts. In this study, we investigated how taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and proxy phylogenetic diversity (PPD) of parasite communities vary across two congeneric fish hosts (Hypostomus hermanni and H. regani) collected from two rivers (Batalha River and Ivaí River). We quantified diversity at multiple organizational levels, including α-diversity within host individuals, β1 variation among host individuals within the same host species, β2 variation between host species, and γ-diversity across habitats. Parasite communities were more similar among host individuals sampled within the same river than between rivers. Alpha diversity differed primarily in TD and FD, with H. hermanni from the Batalha River showing the highest values, whereas αPPD showed limited variation among host species. Beta diversity analyses revealed weak departures from random expectations within host species (β1) but strong differentiation between host species (β2) across TD, FD, and PPD. Overall, our findings indicate that host species remains a central driver of parasite diversity, while highlighting that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic facets respond differently to host and habitat-related factors.