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<p>Macrophytes, which are important components of aquatic ecosystems, release nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) through their decomposition that are crucial constituents of the water body’s endogenous load. The decomposition, and transformation of substances originating from this process, of four major aquatic macrophytes—lotus, coontail, yellow floating heart, and Eurasian watermilfoil—was investigated using indoor culture methods. In parallel with water quality analysis, the sources, types, and concentrations of DOM released by the aquatic macrophytes were analyzed by a combination of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. The species composition of plant-attached microorganisms was explored using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The decomposition rates were fastest on the fifth day of culture, and lotus released the highest amount of nutrients and DOM. The DOM in the overlying water was dominated by humic acid, while fulvic acid was produced relatively late during decomposition and exhibited endogenous attributes. In the early stages of decomposition, the labile DOM mainly comprised fulvic acid, humic-like and protein-tyrosine-like compounds, while in the later stages of decomposition, the recalcitrant DOM mainly comprised fulvic acid, humic-like compounds, and nutrient-enrichment tracers. The dominant phyla of the plant-attached bacteria were<i> Proteobacteria</i>,<i> Bacteroidota</i>, and<i> Firmicutes</i>, while the dominant genera were <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Hydrogenophaga</i>, and <i>C39</i>, which played important roles in nutrient utilization and DOM transformation. These results provide insights into macrophyte management, pollutant control, and microbe-related ecological restoration of aquatic ecosystems.</p>

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Decomposition of four aquatic macrophytes: Nutrient release, dissolved organic matter transformation, and epiphytic microbial dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Tinghui Min,
  • Junkai Zhang,
  • Xiaoyu Li,
  • Jinyu Wang,
  • Hongbo Li,
  • Shu-Xuan Liang

摘要

Macrophytes, which are important components of aquatic ecosystems, release nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) through their decomposition that are crucial constituents of the water body’s endogenous load. The decomposition, and transformation of substances originating from this process, of four major aquatic macrophytes—lotus, coontail, yellow floating heart, and Eurasian watermilfoil—was investigated using indoor culture methods. In parallel with water quality analysis, the sources, types, and concentrations of DOM released by the aquatic macrophytes were analyzed by a combination of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. The species composition of plant-attached microorganisms was explored using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The decomposition rates were fastest on the fifth day of culture, and lotus released the highest amount of nutrients and DOM. The DOM in the overlying water was dominated by humic acid, while fulvic acid was produced relatively late during decomposition and exhibited endogenous attributes. In the early stages of decomposition, the labile DOM mainly comprised fulvic acid, humic-like and protein-tyrosine-like compounds, while in the later stages of decomposition, the recalcitrant DOM mainly comprised fulvic acid, humic-like compounds, and nutrient-enrichment tracers. The dominant phyla of the plant-attached bacteria were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes, while the dominant genera were Acinetobacter, Hydrogenophaga, and C39, which played important roles in nutrient utilization and DOM transformation. These results provide insights into macrophyte management, pollutant control, and microbe-related ecological restoration of aquatic ecosystems.