<p>We study the numbers of the form 2<i>PQ</i> to determine if they qualify as congruent numbers in connection to the 8-rank of the class groups of the associated imaginary quadratic fields, where <i>P</i> and <i>Q</i> are products of distinct primes <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>’s and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>’s respectively with certain conditions. We focus on the case that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="MediaObjects/25_2025_2552_IEq3_HTML.gif" Format="GIF" Height="28" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="120" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> </InlineEquation> in contrast to the previous developments on the case <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="MediaObjects/25_2025_2552_IEq4_HTML.gif" Format="GIF" Height="28" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="120" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> </InlineEquation>. Additionally, we establish a necessary condition for a congruent number of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P= p_{1}p_{2} \cdots p_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with certain conditions; this depends on the parity of the number of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>’s, where the 2-part of the class number of the imaginary quadratic field <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt{-p_i})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfies particular linear congruence relations modulo 8. Furthermore, we provide quantitative lower bounds on the number of non-congruent numbers of the form 2<i>pq</i> (and <i>P</i>, respectively) with certain conditions respectively, where <i>p</i> and <i>q</i> are primes satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((p, q) \equiv (3, 7)\pmod {8}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="4.44443pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>mod</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Equivalently, we obtain a lower bound on the number of the corresponding congruent number elliptic curves <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{2pq}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively) with Mordell-Weil rank zero, whose 2-primary part of the Shafarevich-Tate groups are isomorphic to <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\mathbb {Z}/2\mathbb {Z})^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Quantitative Bounds on the Number of Non-Congruent Numbers of the form 2PQ

  • Shamik Das,
  • Yoonjin Lee

摘要

We study the numbers of the form 2PQ to determine if they qualify as congruent numbers in connection to the 8-rank of the class groups of the associated imaginary quadratic fields, where P and Q are products of distinct primes \(p_i\) p i ’s and \(q_j\) q j ’s respectively with certain conditions. We focus on the case that in contrast to the previous developments on the case . Additionally, we establish a necessary condition for a congruent number of the form \(P= p_{1}p_{2} \cdots p_{t}\) P = p 1 p 2 p t with certain conditions; this depends on the parity of the number of \(p_i\) p i ’s, where the 2-part of the class number of the imaginary quadratic field \(\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt{-p_i})\) Q ( - p i ) satisfies particular linear congruence relations modulo 8. Furthermore, we provide quantitative lower bounds on the number of non-congruent numbers of the form 2pq (and P, respectively) with certain conditions respectively, where p and q are primes satisfying \((p, q) \equiv (3, 7)\pmod {8}\) ( p , q ) ( 3 , 7 ) ( mod 8 ) . Equivalently, we obtain a lower bound on the number of the corresponding congruent number elliptic curves \(E_{2pq}\) E 2 p q (and \(E_{P}\) E P , respectively) with Mordell-Weil rank zero, whose 2-primary part of the Shafarevich-Tate groups are isomorphic to \((\mathbb {Z}/2\mathbb {Z})^{2}\) ( Z / 2 Z ) 2 .