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<p>High wind waves occurring during storms are a major natural hazard for the maritime economy on the one hand and a driver of various natural processes, e. g., coastal erosion, on the other. Assessing the upper-tail values of wind wave heights and their long-term trends is crucial for coastal and offshore engineering and climate change studies. This study is dedicated to the values and long-term trends of upper-tail wave heights in the Black Sea. A novel 73-year-long reanalysis covering the period from 1950 to 2022 is applied in this study. To further validate the reanalysis, wave-height data from the Saral/AltiKa satellite altimeter were used; the results showed good performance indicators. 19 locations along the coastline of the Black Sea are selected for the analysis of wind wave data. Maximal significant wave heights exceed 8.5&#xa0;m along the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Additionally, the 99.9th, 99th, and 95th percentiles of significant wave height are assessed. The long-term linear trends of these values are, in general, not statistically significant except for one location in the case of the maximal significant wave heights and two locations in the case of the 95th percentile of significant wave heights.</p>

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Upper-Tail Wave Heights and Their Trends Along the Black Sea Coast

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Fedor N. Gippius

摘要

High wind waves occurring during storms are a major natural hazard for the maritime economy on the one hand and a driver of various natural processes, e. g., coastal erosion, on the other. Assessing the upper-tail values of wind wave heights and their long-term trends is crucial for coastal and offshore engineering and climate change studies. This study is dedicated to the values and long-term trends of upper-tail wave heights in the Black Sea. A novel 73-year-long reanalysis covering the period from 1950 to 2022 is applied in this study. To further validate the reanalysis, wave-height data from the Saral/AltiKa satellite altimeter were used; the results showed good performance indicators. 19 locations along the coastline of the Black Sea are selected for the analysis of wind wave data. Maximal significant wave heights exceed 8.5 m along the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Additionally, the 99.9th, 99th, and 95th percentiles of significant wave height are assessed. The long-term linear trends of these values are, in general, not statistically significant except for one location in the case of the maximal significant wave heights and two locations in the case of the 95th percentile of significant wave heights.