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<p>The Songliao Basin, a major Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in Northeast Asia, is well known for its significant hydrocarbon resources. The sediments beneath the Central Depression have been extensively investigated, but the western basin, including the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift, remains relatively under-explored. For a better understanding of the sediments in the western Songliao Basin, we conducted a frequency-dependent P-wave delay analysis using waveforms from 26 temporary broadband seismic stations of a north–south linear array across the western basin from 2021 to 2023. Our results reveal a pronounced variation in the thickness of the Quaternary and Cretaceous sedimentary cover, ranging from ~ 1.5&#xa0;km in the axial part of the Western Slope to 0.5&#xa0;km at the basin margin. The thicknesses also exhibit obvious variations around the Chifeng–Kaiyuan Fault and the Jiamatu Uplift, highlighting a significant relationship between sedimentation and tectonics. The resulting S-wave velocity profiles show that the sediments between the Solonker–Xar Moron Suture and the Jiamatu Uplift can be represented by a single layer, while those in the central part of the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift exhibit a pronounced vertical negative velocity gradient. These results imply that beneath the basin-wide Nenjiang Formation, the low-velocity Qingshankou Formation, being rich in hydrocarbon resources, is likely developed in such areas with a negative velocity gradient. Consequently, the central part of the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift may have more favorable hydrocarbon resource potential compared to other regions of the western basin, but its potential is modest compared to the Central Depression.</p>

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Sedimentary Structure of the Western Songliao Basin in Northeast China Revealed by Frequency-Dependent P-Wave Delay

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Rongtao Zhao,
  • Mei Feng,
  • Meijian An,
  • Hesheng Hou,
  • Xianzhi Zou

摘要

The Songliao Basin, a major Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in Northeast Asia, is well known for its significant hydrocarbon resources. The sediments beneath the Central Depression have been extensively investigated, but the western basin, including the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift, remains relatively under-explored. For a better understanding of the sediments in the western Songliao Basin, we conducted a frequency-dependent P-wave delay analysis using waveforms from 26 temporary broadband seismic stations of a north–south linear array across the western basin from 2021 to 2023. Our results reveal a pronounced variation in the thickness of the Quaternary and Cretaceous sedimentary cover, ranging from ~ 1.5 km in the axial part of the Western Slope to 0.5 km at the basin margin. The thicknesses also exhibit obvious variations around the Chifeng–Kaiyuan Fault and the Jiamatu Uplift, highlighting a significant relationship between sedimentation and tectonics. The resulting S-wave velocity profiles show that the sediments between the Solonker–Xar Moron Suture and the Jiamatu Uplift can be represented by a single layer, while those in the central part of the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift exhibit a pronounced vertical negative velocity gradient. These results imply that beneath the basin-wide Nenjiang Formation, the low-velocity Qingshankou Formation, being rich in hydrocarbon resources, is likely developed in such areas with a negative velocity gradient. Consequently, the central part of the Western Slope and Southwestern Uplift may have more favorable hydrocarbon resource potential compared to other regions of the western basin, but its potential is modest compared to the Central Depression.