Optimizing IMS Coverage: A Comparative Assessment of Relocating the Antarctic Noble Gas Station to Rothera and Troll
摘要
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) relies on the International Monitoring System (IMS) to detect and verify nuclear explosions worldwide. A key component of the IMS is its network of noble gas radionuclide stations, which measure isotopes such as 133Xe. Station 69 (Hal69) plays a vital role in the Antarctic region, faces logistical and environmental challenges, prompting consideration of alternative locations. This study evaluates the potential relocation of Hal69 to two proposed sites, Rothera and Troll, using atmospheric transport modeling and network performance analysis. The results indicate that repositioning the station to Rothera would significantly enhance network capability across multiple spatial and temporal scales. On average, Rothera improves annual global coverage by 0.48%, with peak regional increases reaching up to 12%, particularly during the austral summer months of December (1.24%) and February (1.19%). In contrast, relocation to Troll leads to a performance decline, with an average annual reduction of 0.16% and localized losses up to 10%. These findings underscore the critical role of strategic site placement in maintaining and strengthening the effectiveness of the IMS verification regime.