<p>We argue that the spectrally cut-off Gaussian free field <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="23_2025_1620_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi _\Lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on a compact Riemannian manifold or on <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="23_2025_1620_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf {R}}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> cannot satisfy the spatial Markov property. Moreover, when the manifold is reflection positive, we show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="23_2025_1620_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi _\Lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fails to be reflection positive. We explain the difficulties one encounters when trying to deduce the reflection positivity property of the measure exp<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="23_2025_1620_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="155" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Vert \rho \Phi _\Lambda \Vert _{L^4}^4) \mu _{\text {GFF}}(\textrm{d}\Phi )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mtext>GFF</mtext> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from the reflection positivity property of the Gaussian free field measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="23_2025_1620_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{\text {GFF}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mtext>GFF</mtext> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in a naive way. These issues are probably well-known to experts of constructive quantum field theory but to our knowledge, no detailed account can be found in the literature. Our pedagogical note aims to fill this small gap.</p>

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Spectrally Cut-off GFF, Regularized \(\Phi ^4\) Measure, and Reflection Positivity

  • I. Bailleul,
  • N. V. Dang,
  • L. Ferdinand,
  • G. Leclerc,
  • J. Lin

摘要

We argue that the spectrally cut-off Gaussian free field \(\Phi _\Lambda \) Φ Λ on a compact Riemannian manifold or on \({\textbf {R}}^d\) R d cannot satisfy the spatial Markov property. Moreover, when the manifold is reflection positive, we show that \(\Phi _\Lambda \) Φ Λ fails to be reflection positive. We explain the difficulties one encounters when trying to deduce the reflection positivity property of the measure exp \((-\Vert \rho \Phi _\Lambda \Vert _{L^4}^4) \mu _{\text {GFF}}(\textrm{d}\Phi )\) ( - ρ Φ Λ L 4 4 ) μ GFF ( d Φ ) from the reflection positivity property of the Gaussian free field measure \(\mu _{\text {GFF}}\) μ GFF in a naive way. These issues are probably well-known to experts of constructive quantum field theory but to our knowledge, no detailed account can be found in the literature. Our pedagogical note aims to fill this small gap.