<p>This paper deals with the uniqueness of mild solutions to the forced or unforced Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space. It is known that the uniqueness of mild solutions to the unforced Navier-Stokes equations holds in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="120" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\infty }(0,T;L^d({\mathbb {R}}^d))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C([0,T];L^d({\mathbb {R}}^d))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. As for the forced Navier-Stokes equations, when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the uniqueness of mild solutions in <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="133" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C([0,T];L^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with force <i>f</i> and initial data <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_{0}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in appropriate Lorentz spaces is known. In this paper we show that for <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the uniqueness of mild solutions to the forced Navier-Stokes equations in <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="283" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( C((0,T];{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\cap L^\beta (0,T;{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="111" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;2d/(d-2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> holds when there is a mild solution in <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="133" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C([0,T];{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the same initial data and force. Here <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the closure of <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({L^{\infty }\cap L^{d,\infty }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with respect to <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_945_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{d,\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> norm.</p>

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Uniqueness of Mild Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equations in Weak-type \(L^d\) Space

  • Zhirun Zhan

摘要

This paper deals with the uniqueness of mild solutions to the forced or unforced Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space. It is known that the uniqueness of mild solutions to the unforced Navier-Stokes equations holds in \(L^{\infty }(0,T;L^d({\mathbb {R}}^d))\) L ( 0 , T ; L d ( R d ) ) when \(d\ge 4\) d 4 , and in \(C([0,T];L^d({\mathbb {R}}^d))\) C ( [ 0 , T ] ; L d ( R d ) ) when \(d\ge 3\) d 3 . As for the forced Navier-Stokes equations, when \(d\ge 3\) d 3 the uniqueness of mild solutions in \(C([0,T];L^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\) C ( [ 0 , T ] ; L d , ( R d ) ) with force f and initial data \(u_{0}\) u 0 in appropriate Lorentz spaces is known. In this paper we show that for \(d\ge 3\) d 3 , the uniqueness of mild solutions to the forced Navier-Stokes equations in \( C((0,T];{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\cap L^\beta (0,T;{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\) C ( ( 0 , T ] ; L ~ d , ( R d ) ) L β ( 0 , T ; L ~ d , ( R d ) ) for \(\beta >2d/(d-2)\) β > 2 d / ( d - 2 ) holds when there is a mild solution in \(C([0,T];{\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }({\mathbb {R}}^d))\) C ( [ 0 , T ] ; L ~ d , ( R d ) ) with the same initial data and force. Here \({\widetilde{L}}^{d,\infty }\) L ~ d , is the closure of \({L^{\infty }\cap L^{d,\infty }}\) L L d , with respect to \(L^{d,\infty }\) L d , norm.