<p>We study the stationary motion of an incompressible Navier–Stokes fluid past obstacles in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, subject to the provided boundary velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_{b}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, external force <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f = \textrm{div} F\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>div</mtext> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and nonzero constant vector <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k {e_1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at infinity. We first prove that the existence of at least one very weak solution <i>u</i> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="105" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{3}(\Omega ) + L^{4}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for an arbitrary large <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="151" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F \in L^{3/2}(\Omega ) + L^{2}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> provided that the flux of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_{b}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on the boundary of each body is sufficiently small with respect to the viscosity <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ν</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, we establish weak- and strong-regularity results for very weak solutions. Consequently, our existence and regularity results enable us to prove the existence of a weak solution satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nabla u \in L^{r}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a given <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F \in L^{r}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3/2 \le r \le 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and a strong solution satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nabla ^{2} u \in L^{s}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a given <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f \in L^{s}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="21_2025_921_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1 &lt; s \le 6/5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively.</p>

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\(L^{r}\)-Results of the Stationary Navier–Stokes Equations with Nonzero Velocity at Infinity

  • Dugyu Kim

摘要

We study the stationary motion of an incompressible Navier–Stokes fluid past obstacles in \(\mathbb {R}^{3}\) R 3 , subject to the provided boundary velocity \(u_{b}\) u b , external force \(f = \textrm{div} F\) f = div F , and nonzero constant vector \(k {e_1}\) k e 1 at infinity. We first prove that the existence of at least one very weak solution u in \(L^{3}(\Omega ) + L^{4}(\Omega )\) L 3 ( Ω ) + L 4 ( Ω ) for an arbitrary large \(F \in L^{3/2}(\Omega ) + L^{2}(\Omega )\) F L 3 / 2 ( Ω ) + L 2 ( Ω ) provided that the flux of \(u_{b}\) u b on the boundary of each body is sufficiently small with respect to the viscosity \(\nu \) ν . Moreover, we establish weak- and strong-regularity results for very weak solutions. Consequently, our existence and regularity results enable us to prove the existence of a weak solution satisfying \(\nabla u \in L^{r}(\Omega )\) u L r ( Ω ) for a given \(F \in L^{r}(\Omega )\) F L r ( Ω ) with \(3/2 \le r \le 2\) 3 / 2 r 2 , and a strong solution satisfying \(\nabla ^{2} u \in L^{s}(\Omega )\) 2 u L s ( Ω ) for a given \(f \in L^{s}(\Omega )\) f L s ( Ω ) with \(1 < s \le 6/5\) 1 < s 6 / 5 , respectively.