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<p>The Italian physicist Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854), best known for his work on “radiant heat,” devoted the last years of his life to the field of electricity and magnetism. As part of his research, he designed and built an innovative induction electrometer shortly before his death. This device was presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Naples a few days after the scientist’s death. One of the existing examples of this device is kept in the Physics Museum of the Museum Centre of Natural and Physical Sciences of the University of Naples Federico II and bears the inscription “<i>Ultima scoverta del Cav. Melloni</i>” (last discovery of Cavalier Melloni) on the dial. The present work aims on the one hand to provide a detailed analysis of the construction and functioning of this electrometer and, on the other hand, to place it in the panorama of existing and later electroscopes. An attempt is also made to reconstruct the history of the other surviving examples of Melloni’s electroscope.</p>

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The Last Discovery of Macedonio Melloni

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Rosanna Del Monte,
  • Azzurra Auteri

摘要

The Italian physicist Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854), best known for his work on “radiant heat,” devoted the last years of his life to the field of electricity and magnetism. As part of his research, he designed and built an innovative induction electrometer shortly before his death. This device was presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Naples a few days after the scientist’s death. One of the existing examples of this device is kept in the Physics Museum of the Museum Centre of Natural and Physical Sciences of the University of Naples Federico II and bears the inscription “Ultima scoverta del Cav. Melloni” (last discovery of Cavalier Melloni) on the dial. The present work aims on the one hand to provide a detailed analysis of the construction and functioning of this electrometer and, on the other hand, to place it in the panorama of existing and later electroscopes. An attempt is also made to reconstruct the history of the other surviving examples of Melloni’s electroscope.