<p>The limiting function <i>f</i>(<i>s</i>) of the pair correlation <Equation ID="Equ4"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13_2025_2126_Article_Equ4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="282" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{N} \# \left\{ 1 \le i\ne j\le N \bigg \vert \left\Vert x_i - x_j \right\Vert \le \frac{s}{N} \right\} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>#</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" stretchy="true">|</mo> </mrow> <mfenced close="∥" open="∥"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>≤</mo> <mfrac> <mi>s</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>for a sequence <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13_2025_2126_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x_N)_{N \in \mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on the torus <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13_2025_2126_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {T}^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is said to be Poissonian if it exists and equals 2<i>s</i> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13_2025_2126_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For instance, independent, uniformly distributed random variables generically have this property. Obviously <i>f</i>(<i>s</i>) is always a monotonic function if existent. There are only few examples of sequences where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13_2025_2126_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f(s) \ne 2s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, but where the limit can still be explicitly calculated. Therefore, it is an open question which types of functions <i>f</i>(<i>s</i>) can or cannot appear here. In this note, we give a partial answer on this question by addressing the case that the number of different gap lengths in the sequence is finite and showing that <i>f</i> cannot be continuous then.</p>

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On the pair correlation statistic of sequences with the finite gap property

  • Jasmin Fiedler,
  • Christian Weiss

摘要

The limiting function f(s) of the pair correlation \(\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{N} \# \left\{ 1 \le i\ne j\le N \bigg \vert \left\Vert x_i - x_j \right\Vert \le \frac{s}{N} \right\} \end{aligned}\) 1 N # 1 i j N | x i - x j s N for a sequence \((x_N)_{N \in \mathbb {N}}\) ( x N ) N N on the torus \(\mathbb {T}^1\) T 1 is said to be Poissonian if it exists and equals 2s for all \(s \ge 0\) s 0 . For instance, independent, uniformly distributed random variables generically have this property. Obviously f(s) is always a monotonic function if existent. There are only few examples of sequences where \(f(s) \ne 2s\) f ( s ) 2 s , but where the limit can still be explicitly calculated. Therefore, it is an open question which types of functions f(s) can or cannot appear here. In this note, we give a partial answer on this question by addressing the case that the number of different gap lengths in the sequence is finite and showing that f cannot be continuous then.