<p>Call a finite relational structure <i>k-Słupecki</i> if its only surjective <i>k</i>-ary polymorphisms are essentially unary, and <i>Słupecki</i> if it is <i>k</i>-Słupecki for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We present conditions, some necessary and some sufficient, for a reflexive digraph to be Słupecki. We prove that all digraphs that triangulate a 1-sphere are Słupecki, as are all the ordinal sums <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m \oplus n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⊕</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m,n \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). We prove that the posets <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="113" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {P}= m \oplus n \oplus k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⊕</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⊕</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are not 3-Słupecki for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m,n,k \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and prove there is a bound <i>B</i>(<i>m</i>,&#xa0;<i>k</i>) such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is 2-Słupecki if and only if <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_900_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="120" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n &gt; B(m,k)+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; in particular there exist posets that are 2-Słupecki but not 3-Słupecki.</p>

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Słupecki digraphs

  • Ádám Kunos,
  • Benoît Larose,
  • David Emmanuel Pazmiño Pullas

摘要

Call a finite relational structure k-Słupecki if its only surjective k-ary polymorphisms are essentially unary, and Słupecki if it is k-Słupecki for all \(k \ge 2\) k 2 . We present conditions, some necessary and some sufficient, for a reflexive digraph to be Słupecki. We prove that all digraphs that triangulate a 1-sphere are Słupecki, as are all the ordinal sums \(m \oplus n\) m n ( \(m,n \ge 2\) m , n 2 ). We prove that the posets \(\mathbb {P}= m \oplus n \oplus k\) P = m n k are not 3-Słupecki for \(m,n,k \ge 2\) m , n , k 2 , and prove there is a bound B(mk) such that \(\mathbb {P}\) P is 2-Słupecki if and only if \(n > B(m,k)+1\) n > B ( m , k ) + 1 ; in particular there exist posets that are 2-Słupecki but not 3-Słupecki.