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Background and aims <p>Endocan has been scarcely explored in COVID-19, especially regarding its modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), hypertension or previous renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors treatment.</p> <p>We compared endocan and other endotheliitis markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and assessed their modulation by VV-ECMO, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitors treatment.</p> Material and methods <p>Serum endocan, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin were measured in “severe” (n = 27), “critically ill” (n = 17) and “critically ill on VV-ECMO” (n = 17) COVID-19 patients at admission, days 3–4, 5–8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point.</p> Results <p>Admission endocan and VCAM-1 were increased in all patients, but “critically ill on VV-ECMO” patients had higher endocan and E-Selectin. Endocan remained elevated throughout hospitalization in all groups. “Severe” and “critically ill” hypertensive patients or previously treated with RAAS inhibitors had higher endocan and/or VCAM-1, but in VV-ECMO patients the raised endocan values seemed unrelated with these factors. Among all COVID-19 hypertensive patients, those with previous RAAS inhibitors treatment had higher endocan.</p> Conclusions <p>In our study, endocan stands out as the best marker of endotheliitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, being upregulated by VV-ECMO support, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitor treatment.</p>

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Endocan as a marker of endotheliitis in COVID-19 patients: modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, arterial hypertension and previous treatment with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月25日

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  • Marta Reina-Couto,
  • David Alves,
  • Carolina Silva-Pereira,
  • Patrícia Pereira-Terra,
  • Sandra Martins,
  • João Bessa,
  • Luísa Teixeira-Santos,
  • Dora Pinho,
  • Manuela Morato,
  • Cláudia Camila Dias,
  • António Sarmento,
  • Margarida Tavares,
  • João T. Guimarães,
  • Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque,
  • José-Artur Paiva,
  • António Albino-Teixeira,
  • Teresa Sousa

摘要

Background and aims

Endocan has been scarcely explored in COVID-19, especially regarding its modulation by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), hypertension or previous renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors treatment.

We compared endocan and other endotheliitis markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and assessed their modulation by VV-ECMO, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitors treatment.

Material and methods

Serum endocan, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin were measured in “severe” (n = 27), “critically ill” (n = 17) and “critically ill on VV-ECMO” (n = 17) COVID-19 patients at admission, days 3–4, 5–8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point.

Results

Admission endocan and VCAM-1 were increased in all patients, but “critically ill on VV-ECMO” patients had higher endocan and E-Selectin. Endocan remained elevated throughout hospitalization in all groups. “Severe” and “critically ill” hypertensive patients or previously treated with RAAS inhibitors had higher endocan and/or VCAM-1, but in VV-ECMO patients the raised endocan values seemed unrelated with these factors. Among all COVID-19 hypertensive patients, those with previous RAAS inhibitors treatment had higher endocan.

Conclusions

In our study, endocan stands out as the best marker of endotheliitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, being upregulated by VV-ECMO support, hypertension and previous RAAS inhibitor treatment.