<p>We study the zero–Hopf bifurcations of all quadratic polynomial differential jerk systems in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1182_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {R}^3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation><Equation ID="Equ13"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1182_Article_Equ13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="60" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="498" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{l} \dot{x}=y,\\ \dot{y}=z,\\ \dot{z}=a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}y+a_{3}z+a_{4}x^{2}+a_{5}xy+a_{6}xz+a_{7}y^{2}+a_{8}yz+a_{9}z^{2}, \end{array} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mover accent="true"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mover accent="true"> <mi>z</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>5</mn> </msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>6</mn> </msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>7</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>8</mn> </msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>9</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where the dot denotes derivative with respect to the independent variable <i>t</i> and the coefficients <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1182_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1182_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k=0,1,...,9\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, are real.</p>

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The Zero–Hopf bifurcations of the quadratic polynomial differential jerk systems in \({\mathbb {R}^3}\)

  • Jaume Llibre,
  • Ammar Makhlouf

摘要

We study the zero–Hopf bifurcations of all quadratic polynomial differential jerk systems in \({\mathbb {R}^3}\) R 3 \(\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{l} \dot{x}=y,\\ \dot{y}=z,\\ \dot{z}=a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}y+a_{3}z+a_{4}x^{2}+a_{5}xy+a_{6}xz+a_{7}y^{2}+a_{8}yz+a_{9}z^{2}, \end{array} \end{aligned}\) x ˙ = y , y ˙ = z , z ˙ = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 z + a 4 x 2 + a 5 x y + a 6 x z + a 7 y 2 + a 8 y z + a 9 z 2 , where the dot denotes derivative with respect to the independent variable t and the coefficients \(a_{k}\) a k , for \(k=0,1,...,9\) k = 0 , 1 , . . . , 9 , are real.