<p>In this paper, we present a new record for the densest geodesic congruent ball packing configurations in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}^2\!\times \!\textbf{R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-0.166667em" /> <mo>×</mo> <mspace width="-0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> geometry, generated by screw motion groups. These groups are derived from the direct product of rotational groups on <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and some translation components on the real fibre direction <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that can be determined by the corresponding Frobenius congruences. Moreover, we developed a procedure to determine the optimal radius for the densest geodesic ball packing configurations related to the considered screw motion groups. The highest packing density, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\approx 0.80529\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>0.80529</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is achieved by a multi-transitive case given by rotational parameters (2,&#xa0;20,&#xa0;4). E. Molnár demonstrated that homogeneous 3-spaces can be uniformly interpreted in the projective 3-sphere <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{P}\mathcal{S}^3(\textbf{V}^4, \varvec{V}_4, \textbf{R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">P</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold">V</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">V</mi> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We use this projective model of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1166_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}^2\!\times \!\textbf{R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-0.166667em" /> <mo>×</mo> <mspace width="-0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to compute and visualize the locally optimal geodesic ball arrangements.</p>

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New lower bound for the optimal congruent geodesic ball packing density of screw motion groups in \(\textbf{H}^2\!\times \!\textbf{R}\) space

  • Arnasli Yahya,
  • Jenő Szirmai

摘要

In this paper, we present a new record for the densest geodesic congruent ball packing configurations in \(\textbf{H}^2\!\times \!\textbf{R}\) H 2 × R geometry, generated by screw motion groups. These groups are derived from the direct product of rotational groups on \(\textbf{H}^2\) H 2 and some translation components on the real fibre direction \(\textbf{R}\) R that can be determined by the corresponding Frobenius congruences. Moreover, we developed a procedure to determine the optimal radius for the densest geodesic ball packing configurations related to the considered screw motion groups. The highest packing density, \(\approx 0.80529\) 0.80529 , is achieved by a multi-transitive case given by rotational parameters (2, 20, 4). E. Molnár demonstrated that homogeneous 3-spaces can be uniformly interpreted in the projective 3-sphere \(\mathcal{P}\mathcal{S}^3(\textbf{V}^4, \varvec{V}_4, \textbf{R})\) P S 3 ( V 4 , V 4 , R ) . We use this projective model of \(\textbf{H}^2\!\times \!\textbf{R}\) H 2 × R to compute and visualize the locally optimal geodesic ball arrangements.