<p>Given <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="156" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{n}=(n_{1},\ldots ,n_{r})\in \mathbb {N}^r\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _{\textbf{n}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a group presentable as <Equation ID="Equ5"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_Equ5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="256" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\langle \gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{r}\,|\,\gamma _{1}^{n_{1}}=\gamma _{2}^{n_{2}}=\cdots =\gamma _{r}^{n_{r}}\right\rangle . \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </msubsup> </mfenced> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>If <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="106" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gcd (n_i,n_j)=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">gcd</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i\not =j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we say <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _{\textbf{n}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a <i>generalized torus knot group</i> and otherwise say it is a <i>generalized torus link group</i>. This definition includes torus knot and link groups (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), that is, fundamental groups of the complement of a torus knot or link in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let <i>G</i> be a connected complex reductive affine algebraic group. We show that the <i>G</i>-character varieties of generalized torus knot groups are path-connected. We then count the number of irreducible components of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\,\mathrm{\textrm{SL}}\,}}(2,\mathbb {C})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>SL</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-character varieties of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _\textbf{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi mathvariant="bold">n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2947_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is odd for all <i>i</i>.</p>

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Character Varieties of Generalized Torus Knot Groups

  • Carlos Florentino,
  • Sean Lawton

摘要

Given \(\textbf{n}=(n_{1},\ldots ,n_{r})\in \mathbb {N}^r\) n = ( n 1 , , n r ) N r , let \(\Gamma _{\textbf{n}}\) Γ n be a group presentable as \(\begin{aligned} \left\langle \gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{r}\,|\,\gamma _{1}^{n_{1}}=\gamma _{2}^{n_{2}}=\cdots =\gamma _{r}^{n_{r}}\right\rangle . \end{aligned}\) γ 1 , , γ r | γ 1 n 1 = γ 2 n 2 = = γ r n r . If \(\gcd (n_i,n_j)=1\) gcd ( n i , n j ) = 1 for all \(i\not =j\) i j , we say \(\Gamma _{\textbf{n}}\) Γ n is a generalized torus knot group and otherwise say it is a generalized torus link group. This definition includes torus knot and link groups ( \(r=2\) r = 2 ), that is, fundamental groups of the complement of a torus knot or link in \(S^{3}\) S 3 . Let G be a connected complex reductive affine algebraic group. We show that the G-character varieties of generalized torus knot groups are path-connected. We then count the number of irreducible components of the \({{\,\mathrm{\textrm{SL}}\,}}(2,\mathbb {C})\) SL ( 2 , C ) -character varieties of \(\Gamma _\textbf{n}\) Γ n when \(n_i\) n i is odd for all i.