<p>We consider the maximal regularity problem for non-autonomous parabolic equations <Equation ID="Equ39"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_Equ39.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="296" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} u'(t) + \mathcal {A}(t) u(t) = f(t)\ \, \, t\text {-a.e.}, \ u(0) = u_0. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mtext>-a.e.</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>Each operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathcal {A}(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> arises from a time depending sesquilinear form <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {a}(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on a Hilbert space <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with constant domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {V}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">V</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove maximal <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-regularity result for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p\le 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under minimal regularity assumptions on the forms. Our main assumption is that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\mathcal {A}(t))_{t\in [0,\tau ]}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>τ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are piecewise in the Besov space <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2868_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="27" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B^{\frac{1}{2},2}_p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>B</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with respect to the variable <i>t</i>. This improves previously known results. We give four examples that illustrate our results.</p>

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Non-autonomous Maximal Regularity Under Besov Regularity in Time

  • Mahdi achache

摘要

We consider the maximal regularity problem for non-autonomous parabolic equations \(\begin{aligned} u'(t) + \mathcal {A}(t) u(t) = f(t)\ \, \, t\text {-a.e.}, \ u(0) = u_0. \end{aligned}\) u ( t ) + A ( t ) u ( t ) = f ( t ) t -a.e. , u ( 0 ) = u 0 . Each operator \( \mathcal {A}(t)\) A ( t ) arises from a time depending sesquilinear form \(\mathfrak {a}(t)\) a ( t ) on a Hilbert space \(\mathcal {H}\) H with constant domain \(\mathcal {V}\) V . We prove maximal \(L^p\) L p -regularity result for \(1<p\le 2\) 1 < p 2 under minimal regularity assumptions on the forms. Our main assumption is that \((\mathcal {A}(t))_{t\in [0,\tau ]}\) ( A ( t ) ) t [ 0 , τ ] are piecewise in the Besov space \(B^{\frac{1}{2},2}_p\) B p 1 2 , 2 with respect to the variable t. This improves previously known results. We give four examples that illustrate our results.