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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic conditions and the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of foodborne pathogens and indicator organisms in environmental samples from 15 out of 18 (83%) operating cafeterias at public universities in Northern Greece. A checklist with 7 dichotomous (yes/no) evaluation criteria was used to assess the observed hygienic conditions. One dish sponge and one kitchen cloth were aseptically collected, and 5 types of abiotic surfaces were sampled with sterile sponges (refrigerator door handle, food serving tray, food display refrigerator shelf, kitchen countertop, table) per cafeteria. All environmental samples (n = 105) were analysed according to microbiological ISO standard methods. VITEK<sup>®</sup> 2 was used for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial isolates. Overall, satisfactory hygienic conditions were observed, but deviations were also detected in the form of visibly unclean cloths (13%), lack of hot tap water (27%), and refrigerators operating above 5&#xa0;°C (87%). No <i>Campylobacter</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes,</i> or <i>Escherichia coli</i> were detected<i>.</i> However, the samples yielded <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (33%), and coliforms (18%) at levels exceeding the available recommended thresholds. Eight CoNS species were identified, which exhibited 12 diverse antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of public health interest, mainly against beta-lactams, macrolides, and lincosamides, and to a lesser extent against aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. This study provides the most extensive available report on the concurrent detection, species identification, and AST of CoNS isolated from food service environments. The results underscore the need for targeted environmental monitoring in food-handling areas including the detection of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance that could pose a risk to public health.</p>

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Assessment of hygienic conditions and bacteria of public health relevance on abiotic surfaces and cleaning tools in Greek university cafeterias

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Thomai Lazou,
  • Serafeim Chaintoutis

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic conditions and the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of foodborne pathogens and indicator organisms in environmental samples from 15 out of 18 (83%) operating cafeterias at public universities in Northern Greece. A checklist with 7 dichotomous (yes/no) evaluation criteria was used to assess the observed hygienic conditions. One dish sponge and one kitchen cloth were aseptically collected, and 5 types of abiotic surfaces were sampled with sterile sponges (refrigerator door handle, food serving tray, food display refrigerator shelf, kitchen countertop, table) per cafeteria. All environmental samples (n = 105) were analysed according to microbiological ISO standard methods. VITEK® 2 was used for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial isolates. Overall, satisfactory hygienic conditions were observed, but deviations were also detected in the form of visibly unclean cloths (13%), lack of hot tap water (27%), and refrigerators operating above 5 °C (87%). No Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, or Escherichia coli were detected. However, the samples yielded Staphylococcus aureus (7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (33%), and coliforms (18%) at levels exceeding the available recommended thresholds. Eight CoNS species were identified, which exhibited 12 diverse antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of public health interest, mainly against beta-lactams, macrolides, and lincosamides, and to a lesser extent against aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. This study provides the most extensive available report on the concurrent detection, species identification, and AST of CoNS isolated from food service environments. The results underscore the need for targeted environmental monitoring in food-handling areas including the detection of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance that could pose a risk to public health.