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<p>We derive a factorization formula for coherent and incoherent <i>ep</i> diffraction using the soft collinear effective theory, utilizing multiple power expansion parameters to handle different kinematic regions. This goes beyond the known hard-collinear diffractive factorization to address the small-<i>x</i> Regge dynamics and Pomeron exchange from first principles. The effective field theory analysis also uncovers and factorizes an important irreducible incoherent background generated by color-nonsinglet exchange, dubbed “quasi-diffraction”, for which we calculate the associated Sudakov suppression. For unpolarized scattering we show that there are four diffractive structure functions at leading power, and point out the importance of studying <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mi>D</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {F}_{3,4}^D \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> through asymmetries, in addition to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mi>D</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {F}_{2,L}^D \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For the quasi-diffractive background, we make model independent predictions for ratios of the corresponding structure functions in a perturbative kinematic region. Our analysis also makes predictions for six leading-power spin-dependent structure functions. Finally, we provide connections to diffractive parton distributions, and assess the Ingelman-Schlein model. Our work lays a path for further QCD-based studies of diffraction.</p>

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Effective field theory factorization for diffraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Kyle Lee,
  • Stella T. Schindler,
  • Iain W. Stewart

摘要

We derive a factorization formula for coherent and incoherent ep diffraction using the soft collinear effective theory, utilizing multiple power expansion parameters to handle different kinematic regions. This goes beyond the known hard-collinear diffractive factorization to address the small-x Regge dynamics and Pomeron exchange from first principles. The effective field theory analysis also uncovers and factorizes an important irreducible incoherent background generated by color-nonsinglet exchange, dubbed “quasi-diffraction”, for which we calculate the associated Sudakov suppression. For unpolarized scattering we show that there are four diffractive structure functions at leading power, and point out the importance of studying F 3 , 4 D \( {F}_{3,4}^D \) through asymmetries, in addition to F 2 , L D \( {F}_{2,L}^D \) . For the quasi-diffractive background, we make model independent predictions for ratios of the corresponding structure functions in a perturbative kinematic region. Our analysis also makes predictions for six leading-power spin-dependent structure functions. Finally, we provide connections to diffractive parton distributions, and assess the Ingelman-Schlein model. Our work lays a path for further QCD-based studies of diffraction.